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10th Class Computer Chapter 5: Functions

10th Class Chapter 5: Functions Short and Simple Question & Answer

We are aware that you are searching for 10th Class Computer Chapter 5 Notes on the internet. The notes are well-written, simple, and organized in an easy-to-understand manner and according to the new syllabus. At the bottom of these notes, you will find a download button to make your life easier. These notes for 10th Class Computer Chapter 5 Functions are available to download or view. Many students practice 2024 computer Notes questions by FAIZ UL ISLAM and get good marks in the exam.

Q.1: What is problem solving?
Ans. The process of solving difficult and complex problem is called problem solving. To solve a problem, one has to adopt a systematic strategy.

Q.2: Define divide and conquer?
Ans. complex problem is divided into small problems. The smaller problems can be solved separately to find the solution of the problem and then integrating all the solutions. In this way, it becomes easier for us to focus on a single smaller problem at a time, instead of thinking about the whole problem all the time. This problem solving approach is called divide and conquer.

Q.3: What do you know about function of C language?
Ans. A function is a block of statements which performs a particular task. Each program has a main function which performs the tasks programmed by the user. Similarly, we can write other functions and use them multiple times.

Q.4: Write down the name of types of Functions.
Ans. There are basically two types of functions:
Built-in Functions
User Defined Functions

Q.5: Define built in functions?
Ans. The functions which are already defined in C programming language are called built-in functions. These functions are also called library functions. These functions are available as a
part of language.

Q.6: Define user defined functions?
Ans. The functions which are defined by a programmer to perform specific tasks are called user- defined functions. These functions are written according to the exact need of the user.

Q.7: Write advantages of Functions.
Ans. Following are the advantages of Functions:
Reusability
Separation of task
Readability
Handling the Complexity of the problem.

Q.8: Define reusability?
Ans. Functions provide reusability of code. It means that whenever we need to use the functionality provided by the function, we just call the function. We do not need to write the same set of statements again and again.

Q.9: Define separation of task?
Ans. Functions allow us to separate the code of one task from the code of other tasks. If we have a problem in one function, then we do not need to check the whole program for removing the problem. We just need to focus at one single function.

Q.10: Define readability?
Ans. Dividing the program into multiple functions, improves the readability of the program.

Q.11: Define the term handling the complexity of the problem?
Ans. If we write the whole program as a single procedure, management of the program becomes difficult. Functions divide the program into smaller units, and thus reduce the complexity of the problem.

Q.12: What is the use of functions signature?
Ans. Function signature is used to define the inputs and output of a function.

Q.13: What is parameter of function?
Ans. A function is a block of statements that gets some inputs and provides some output. Inputs of a function are called parameters of the function.

Q.14: What do you mean by return value of a function?
Ans. A function is a block of statements that gets some inputs and provides some output. Output of the function is called its return value. A function can have multiple parameters, but it cannot return more than one values.

Q.15: Write down the general structure of a function signature.
Ans. The general structure of a function signature is as follows:

Q.16: What is int square(int); functions signature?
Ans. A function that take an integer as input and returns its square.

Q.17: What is int float perimeter (float, float); functions signature?
Ans. This function that takes length and width of a rectangle as input and returns the perimeter of
the rectangle.

Q.18: What is int largest (int, int, int); functions signature?
Ans. A function that takes three integers as input and returns the largest value among them.

Q.19: What is float area (float); functions signature?
Ans. A function that takes radius of a circle as input and returns the area of circle.

Q.20: What is int isvowel (char); functions signature?
Ans. A function that takes a character as input and returns 1, if the character is vowel, otherwise return 0.

Q.21: What is the general structure of defining a Function?
Ans. The function signature does not describe how the function performs the task assigned to it. Function definition does that. A function definition has the following general structure.
return_typefunction_name (data_type_var1, date_type var2, ….,data_type varN)
{
Body of the function
}

Q.22: Write down the example to define the function.
Ans. Following example defines a function showPangram() that does not take any input and does not return anything, but displays “A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog”. on computer screen.

Q.23: Can function return more than one values?
Ans. No, a function cannot return more than one values.

Q.24: Write down the general structure to make a function call?
Ans. Following is the general structure used to make a function call. Function_name(value1, value2, …, valueN);

Q.25: Define arguments?
Ans. The values passed to the function are called arguments.

Q.26: Differentiate between arguments and parameters of the function.
Ans. The values passed to the function are called arguments, whereas variables in the function definition that receive these values are called parameters of the function.

Q.27: Which points are important for the arrangement of functions in a program?
Ans. Following point must be kept in mind for the arrangement of functions in a program:
If the definition of called function appears before the definition of calling function, then function signature is not required.
If the definition of called function appears after the definition of calling function, then
function signature of called function must be written before the definition of calling
function.

Q.28: How many arguments can be used in a function?
Ans. C language doesn’t put any restriction on number of arguments but arguments greater than 8 are not preferred.

Q.29: What is the output of the following program?
main()
{
int x=20;
int y=10;
swap(x,y);
printf(“%d %d”,y,x+2);
}
swap(int x, int y)
{
int temp;
temp =x;
x=y;
y=temp;
}

Q.30: What will be the output of the following code ?
output()
{
printf(“%p”,output);
}
Ans:Some address will be printed as function names are just addresses. Similarly output() is also a function and its address will be printed.

Q.31: What will be the output of the following code? ing code?
main()
{
int i;
printf(“%d”,scanf(“%d”,&i)); // value 10 is given as input here
}
Ans.1 as scanf returns number of items read successfully. So number of items read is 1.

Q.32: What will be the output of the C program?

int main()
{
function();
return 0;
}
void function()
{
printf(“Function in C is awesome”);
}
Output: Compilation error.

Q.33: What will be the error of the C program?
void message ();
{
printf (“Hope you are fine:”);
return 23;
Errors: After function definition there is no semicolon.

Q.34: What will be the error of the C program?
int max (int a, int b)
{
if (a > b)
return a;
}
return b;
Errors: Between parameters use comma instead of semicolon

Multiple Choice Questions

MCQs

1. A good approach is to divide the problem into multiple smaller parts of sub-problems.
A. functional
B. problem solving
C. definition a problem
D. none

2. The step to divide large problem into small problems is called
A. Divide and conquer
B. Dividing a problem
C. Searching a problem
D. Analyzing a problem

3. A is a block of statements which performs a particular task, is another function that is used to take input from the user.
A. Computer
B. program
C. function
D. Parameters

4. is a function that is used to display anything on computer screen,
A. Printf
B. scanf
C. getch
D. printf

5. is another function that is used to take input from the user.
A. scanf
B. getch
C. printf
D. int

6 Types of function in C language_
A. Built in Function
B. Both A and C
C. User defined function
D. None

7. Which one from the following is not type of function?
A. Built in Function
B. User defined function
C. Pre- defined function
D. C is not type of function

8. The functions which are available in C Standard Library are called
A. User defined fiction
B. Pre- defined function
C. built-in functions
D. All

9. Which functions used to perform mathematical calculations, string operations, input/output operations etc?
A. Built-in functions
B. User defined fiction
C. Pre- defined function
D. None

10. printf and scan are
A. Constant function
B. Argument s function
C. user- defined functions
D. Built-in functions

11. The functions which are defined by a programmer are called
A. library function
B. User defined fiction
C. one two function
D. returning function

12. What are the advantages of a functions?
A. Reusability
B. Separation of task
C. Readability
D. All

13. Which one from the following is not a advantage of a function?
A. Handling the complexity of the problem
B. Reusability
C. Accessibility
D. Readability

14. functions provide reusability of code.
A. Reusability
B. Readability
C. Separation of task
D. none

15. functions allow us to separate the code of one task from the code of other tasks.
A. Separation of problems
B. Separation of task
C. Alteration of code
D. Separation of function

16. divide the program into smaller units, and thus reduce the complexity of the problem.
A. programmer
B. variables
C. Functions
D. statements

17. Dividing the program into multiple functions, improves the _of the program,
A. Complicity
B. Reusability
C. Accessibility
D. Readability

18. Inputs of a function are called of the function.
A. parameters
B. value
C. Index
D. subscript

19. Output of the function is called its
A. index value
B. input value
C. return value
D. output value

20. is used to define the inputs and output of a function.
A. Function index
B. Function signature
B. Function value
C. Function uses

21. What are the examples of function signature?
A. int square (int);
B. float area (float);
C. int largest (int, int, int);
D. All

22. A function that takes an integer as input and returns its square, its function signature is
A. int square (int);
B. int largest (int, int, int);
C. int is Vowel (char);
D. float area (float);

23. A function that takes length and width of a rectangle as input and returns the perimeter of the rectangle, its function signature is
A. float area (float);
B. int is Vowel (char);
C. float perimeter (float, float);
D. None

24. A function that takes three integers as input and returns the largest value among them, its function signature is
A. int is Vowel (char);
B. int largest (int, int int);
C. int square (int);
D. float area (float);

25. A function that takes radius of a circle as input and returns the area of circle, its function signature is
A. float area (float);
B. int is Vowel (char);
C. int is Vowel (char);
D. All

26 A function that takes a character as input and retunes 1, if the character is vowel, otherwise return 0, its function signature is
A. char area (float);
B. float area (float);
C. int isVowel (char);
D. All

27. is the set of statements which are executed in the functions to perform the specified task.
A. Body of the function
B. Set of function
C. Header of function
D. None

28. A function cannot return more than values.
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

29. Following is the general structure used to make a function call.
A. Function_bod y{value1, value2,. valueN};
B. Function_ name (value1, value2, valueN):
C. Function_ name{value 1, value2,, value3};
D. Function (value1, value2,. valueN};

30. The values passed to the function are called
A. terminator
B. functions
C. statement
D. arguments

31. Variables in the function definition that receive the values are called of the function.
A. Asuperscript
B. Bsubscript
C. Cparameters
D. Dindex

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For the 10th Class Computer Chapter-1 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that differ from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

he purpose of these notes was to make them as effective as possible. However, mistakes are still possible no matter how hard we try. In any case, if you see them, please let us know by commenting below. We appreciate your ideas and suggestions for improving the study material. Our efforts are meant to benefit all of the community, so we encourage you to share them with your friends, as “Sharing is caring“.

November 7, 2024
10th Class Computer Chapter 4: Data and Repetition
4th Class Chapter 4: Data and Repetition Short and Simple Question & Answer

We are aware that you are searching for 10th Class Computer Chapter 4 Notes on the internet. The notes are well-written, simple, and organized in an easy-to-understand manner and according to the new syllabus. At the bottom of these notes, you will find a download button to make your life easier. These notes for 10th Class Computer Chapter 4 Data and Repetition are available to download or view. Many students practice 2024 computer Notes questions by FAIZ UL ISLAM and get good marks in the exam.

Q.1: Define Data Structures.
Ans: Data structure is a container to store collection of data items in a specific layout.

Q.2: What is an Array?
Ans: An array is a data structure that can hold multiple values of same data type and stores all the values at consecutive locations inside the computer memory.

Q.3: How we can declare an array of type int?
Ans: If we want to declare an array of type int that holds the dally wages of a laborer for seven days, then we can declare it as follows:
Int dally_wage[7];

Q.4: How we can declare an array of float type?
Ans: The example of the declaration of a float type array that holds marks of 20 students are given below. float marks[20];

Q.5: What is an Array Initialization?
Ans: Assigning values to an array for the first time, is called array initialization. An array can be initialized at the time of its declaration, or later.

Q.6. How we can initialize an array?
Ans: Array initialization at the time of declaration can be done in the following manner. Data_type array_name[N] = {value1, value2, value3,……,valueN};

Q.7. Write down the example to declaration and initialization of a float array to store the heights of seven persons.
Ans: float height[7] = (5.7, 6.2, 6.9, 6.1, 6.0, 5.5, 6.2);

Q.8: Can you declare an array without assigning the size of an array?
Ans: No we cannot declare an array without assigning size.

Q.9: Write down the example to initializes an array of characters to store five vowels of English language.
Ans: char vowels[5] = {‘a’, ‘e’, ‘I’, ‘o’, ‘u’);

Q.10: How we can initialize an array if we do not initialize at the time of declaration?
Ans: If we do not initialize an array at the time of declaration, then we need to initialize the array elements one by one. It means that we cannot initialize all the elements of array in a single statement.

Q.11: Can we initialize all the elements of array in a single statement? Explain it with example.
Ans: No, we cannot initialize all the elements of array in a single statement.

Q.12: How we can access array elements?
Ans: Each element of an array has an index that can be used with the array name as array_name[index] to access the data stored at that particular index.

Q.13: What is important features using variables as array indexes?
Ans: A very important feature of arrays is that we can use variables as array indices e.g.

Q.14: What is Loop?
Ans: If we need to repeat one or more statements, then we use loops.
Example:if we need to write Pakistan thousand times on the screen, then instead of writing printf (“Pakistan”); a thousand times, we use loops.

Q.15: What structures of loop provided by C language?
Ans: Following three structures are provided by C language:
For loop
While loop
Do While loop

Q.16: What is the General structure of loops?
Ans: If we closely observe the process that humans follow for repeating a task for specific number of times then it becomes easier for us to understand the loop structures that C language provides us for
controlling the repetitions.

Q.17: Write down the General syntax of for loop.
Ans: In C programming language, for loop has the following general syntax

Q.19: What part of for loop executed first?
Ans: Initialization is the first part to be executed in a for loop.

Q.20: Find the output of below program:
Ans: int main()
{
int i = 0, x = 0;
do
{
if(i % 5 == 0)
{
}
}
cout<<x;
x++;
++1;
while(i<10);
cout<<x;
getch ();
}
Output
012
Q.21: Find the output of below program:
Ans: int main()
{
int i=0,x=0;
for(i=1;i<10;i*=2)
{
x++;
}
cout<<x;
}
cout<<x ;
getch ();
output
12344

Q.22: Define an Iteration.
Ans: Iteration is the process where a set of instructions or statements are executed repeatedly for a specific number of time until a condition becomes false.

Q.23: What is the general structure of Nested Loops?
Ans: We can observe that Code to repeat could be any valid C language code. It can also be another for loop e.g. the following structure is a valid loop structure.
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
for (Initialization; condition; Increment/decrement)
{
Code to repeat
}

Q.24: What is nested loop structures?
Ans: When we use a loop inside another loop, it is called nested loop structure.

Q.25: When do we use nested loops?
Ans: When we want to repeat a pattern for multiple times, then we use nested loops, e.g. if 10 times we want to display the numbers from 1 10. We can do this by writing the code of displaying the numbers from 1-10 in another loop that runs 10 times.

Q.26: What is difference between Loops and Arrays?
Ans: A variables can be used as array indexes, so we can use loops to perform different operations on arrays. If we want to display the whole array, then instead of writing all the elements one by one, we can loop over the array elements by using the loop counter as array index

Q.27: How many times a while loop should be printed?
Ans: int main()
{
int i = 1;
i=i-1:
while(i)
cout<<“its a while loop”;
i++;
}
getch();
}
Output
Infinite Times.

Q.28: How we can use a loop to take input from user in an array of size 10?
Ans: int a [10]; for (int i = 0; i< 10; i++)
scanf (“%d”, &a[i]);
display t

Q.29: Write down the code to display the elements of an array having 100 elements.
Ans: The following code can be used to display the elements of an array having 100 elements:
for (int i = 0; i< 100; i++)
printf(“%d “, a[i]);

Q.30: Write down the code to add all the elements of an array having 100 elements.
Ans: The following code can be used to add all the elements of an array having 100 elements:
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i< 100; i++)
sum = sum + a[i];
printf(“The sum of all the elements of array is %d”, sum);

Q.31: Write down the example of while loop
Ans: #include
int main()
{ int count=1;
{
}
while (count <= 4)
printf(“%d “, count);
getch();
count++;
} Output: 1234

Q.32: Define counter Variable in for loop?
Ans: A counter variable is a variable that keeps track of the number of times a specific piece of code is executed.

Q.33: Describe use of counter variable in for loop?
Ans: For loop use the counter variable whose values the loop. is increase or decrease with each repetition.

Q.34: Is loop a data structure? Justify your answers.
Ans: A loop is not a data structure because data structure means it is a specific layout of computer memory to store collection of data items, while loop is used to repeat a set of statements.

Q.35: Define while loop?
Ans: A while loop in C programming language repeatedly executes a set of statements or instructions as long as the given condition is true.

Q.36: Describe the structure of while loop?
Ans: while (condition)
{ } Statement or set of statements; or set of state

Q.37: What is the advantage of initialization array at the time of declaration?
Ans: The following are the advantages of initializing an array at the time of declaration:
1. Save time
2. Save memory
3. CPU friendly
4. Define the size
Multiple Choice Questions

MCQs

1. is a container to store collection of data items in a specific layout.
A. Software
B. Hardware
C. Data structure
D. Arrays
2. An is one of the most commonly used data structures.
A. Loop
B. Array
C. Flowchart
D. Algorithm
3. An is a data structure that can hold multiple values of same data type
A. Array
B. Memory
C. Loop
D. None
4. How we can declare an array of type int that holds the daily wages of a labors for seven days?
A. Int daily_wage [7]
B. Int dally_wage [7];
C. Int dally_wage (7);
D. Int daily_wage [17]):
5 An array Index starts with Which one of the following is the size of int arr[9] assuming that int is of 4 bytes?
A. -1
B. 0
C. 1
D. 2
6 Which one of the following is the size of int arr[9] assuming that int is of 4 bytes?
A. 9
B. 40
C. 35
D. none
7. How can we initialize an array in C language?
A. int arr[2]=(10,20)
B. int arr(2)={10,20)|
C. int arr[2] = {10, 20);
D. int arr(2) = (10, 20)
8. Assigning values to an array for the first time, is called
A. Array filling
B. Array finalization
C. Array declaration
D. Array initialization
9. An array can be initialized at the time of its
A. Declaration
B. Initialization
C. Finishing
D. None
10. If we do not initialize an array at the time of declaration, then we need to initialize the array elements
A. one by one
B. two by two
C. three by three
D. together
11. An array can hold multiple integer values.
A. While
B. Int
C. Float
D. nested
12. A array can hold multiple real values.
A.For
B. Simple
C. Float
D. While
13. An important property of array is that it inside the computer memory.
A. stores all the values at consecutive locations
B. stores all the values at memory locations
C. does not stores all the values at consecutive – locations
D. stores only one values at consecutive locations
14. Each element of an array has an index that can be used with the as array_name[index] to access the data stored at that particular index.
A.Index
B. Loop
C. array location
D. array name
15. A very important feature of arrays is that we can use as array indexes.
A. Numbers
B. Variables
C. Constants
D. Integer
16. If we need to repeat one or more statements, then we use
A. Array
B. Repetition
C. Loops
D. All
17. C language provides kind of loop structures.
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six

18. Which on from the following is not a type of loops?
A. For loop
B. Do While loop
C. Check loop
D. While loop
19. is the first part to be executed in a for loop.
A. Initialization
B. Declaration
C. Finalization
D. None
20. Each run of a loop is called an
A. Declaration
B. Repetition
C. Iteration
D. Running
21. When we use a loop inside another loop, it is called structure.
A. Do while loop
B. Else loop
C. Nested loop
D. While loop
22. When we want to repeat a pattern for multiple times, then we use
A. Repetition loop
B. Do while loop
C. Nested loops
D. Else loop
23. We can use inside loop structures.
A. loop structures
B. Sequence structure
C. While structure
D. Nested structure
24. We can use inside if structures in any imaginable manners.
A. While structure
B. Data structure
C. Loop Structure
D. if structures
25. As can be used as array indexes.
A.Variables
B.Loop
C.Data structures
D.Constants
26. We can use loops to perform different operations on
A. Information
B. Arrays
C. Loops
D. Data
27. Using, we can easily take input in arrays.
A. for Loops
B. Nested loop
C. Arrays
D. Loops
28. help us in reading the values from array.
A. loop
B. Array
C. Compiler
D. None
29. What is correct syntax of for loop?
A. for (initialization ; condition; increment /decrement)
B. for(increment/ decrement; initialization ; condition)
C. for (initialization , condition, increment/ decrement)
D. none
30. Can for loop contain another for loop?
A. No
B. Yes
C. Compilation Error
D. Runtime Error

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For the 10th Class Computer Chapter-1 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that differ from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

he purpose of these notes was to make them as effective as possible. However, mistakes are still possible no matter how hard we try. In any case, if you see them, please let us know by commenting below. We appreciate your ideas and suggestions for improving the study material. Our efforts are meant to benefit all of the community, so we encourage you to share them with your friends, as “Sharing is caring“.
November 7, 2024
10th Class Computer Chapter 3: Conditional Logic

10th Class Chapter 3: Conditional Logic Short and Simple Question & Answer

We are aware that you are searching for 10th Class Computer Chapter 3 Notes on the internet. The notes are well-written, simple, and organized in an easy-to-understand manner and according to the new syllabus. At the bottom of these notes, you will find a download button to make your life easier. These notes for 10th Class Computer Chapter 3 Conditional Logic are available to download or view. Many students practice 2024 computer Notes questions by FAIZ UL ISLAM and get good marks in the exam.

Q.1: What do you know about Control Statements?
Ans: In order to solve a problem, control statement is used to control the flow of execution of a program. Sometimes there is also need to execute one set of instructions if a particular condition is true and another set of instructions if the condition is false.

Q.2: What are the types of control statements?
Ans: There are three types of control statements in C language. Sequential Control Statements Selection Control Statements Repetition Control Statements

Q.3: What is sequential control?
Ans: Sequential control is the default control structure in C language. According to the sequential control, all the statements are executed in the given sequence.

Q.4: What Selection Statements?
Ans: The statements which help us to decide which statements should be executed next, on the basis of conditions, are called selection statements.

Q.5: How many types of selection statement have?
Ans: There are two types of selection statements.
If statement

Q.6: What is the use of if statement?
If-else statement
Ans: C language provides if statement in which we specify a condition, and associate a code to it. The code gets executed if the specified condition turns out to be true, otherwise the code does not get executed.

Q.7: Write down the Structure of if statement.
Ans: If statement has the following structure in C language:
if (condition)
{ Associated Code }

Q.8: What is the purpose of if in if statement structure?
Ans: In if statement structure, if is a keyword that is followed by a condition inside parentheses ().A condition could be any valid expression including arithmetic expressions, relational expressions, logical expressions, or a combination of these.

Q.11: Why If-else Statement is used in C language?
Ans: It executes the set of statements under if statement if the condition is true, otherwise executes the set of statements under else statement.

Q.12: Write down the general structure of if-else statement?
Ans: General structure of the if-else statement is as follows:
if (condition)
{
Associated Code
}
else
{
Associated Code Asso
}
Associated code of If statement is executed if the condition is true, otherwise the code associated with else statement is executed.

Q.13: Define compound statement.
Ans: A set of multiple instructions enclosed in braces is called a block (enclosed in curly braces) or a compound statement.

Q.14: How you can close if and if else statement?
Ans: If there are more than one instruction under if statement or else statement, enclose them in the form of a block (enclosed in curly braces). Otherwise, the compiler considers only one instruction under it and further instructions are considered independent.
Easy Notes (Computer 10th)
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
(E-Series)

Q.15: What is Nested Selection Structures?
Ans: Conditional statements within conditional statements are called nested selection structures.

Q.16: Write general structure for nested selection structure?
Ans: Following general structure is true for nested selection structure.
if (condition 1 is true)
if (condition 2 is true)
Associated code
else
if (condition is true)
Associated code

Q.17: Write the if-else-if statement structure?
Ans: C language also provides an if-else-if statement that has the following structure.
if (condition 1)
{
}
Code to be executed if condition 1 is true;
else if (condition 2)
{
Code to be executed if condition 1 is false but condition 2 is true; }
else if (condition N)
{
Code to be executed if all previous conditions are false but condition N is true; }
{
else
code to be be executed if all the conditions are false
}

Q.18: What common mistakes we do in compound statement?
Ans: In compound statements, it is a common mistake to omit one or two braces while typing. To avoid this error, it is better to type the opening and closing braces first and then type the statements in the block (enclosed in curly braces).

Q.19: Write use of nested selection structure?
Ans: Nested selection structure is used for decision making in C language.

Q.20: Define Condition?
Ans: A condition could be any valid expression including arithmetic expressions, relational expressions, logical expressions, or a combination of these.

Multiple Choice Question

MCQS

1. We can control the flow of program execution through_
A. control statements
B. sequential control statements
C. selection control statements
D. repetition control statements

2. There are types of control statements in C language.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D.7

3. Which one from the following is not a type of control statement?
A. sequential control statements
B. selection control statements
C. repetition statements control
D. check control statement

4. The statements which help us to decide which statements should be executed next, on the basis of conditions, are called
A. repetition control statements
B. sequential control statements
C. Selection Statements
D. check control statement

5. Types of selection statements are:
A. if statement
B. if-else statement
C. both A and B
D. nested statement

6. C language provides in which we specify a condition, and associate a code to it.
A. repetition control statements
B. if statement
C. if-else statement
D. selection control statements

7. The code gets executed if the specified condition turns out to be
A. False
B. True
C. both A and B
D. none

8. The structure of if statement is:
A. if (condition) Associated Code
B. (condition) Associated Code
C. else (condition) Associated Code
D. if else (condition)

9. In the structure of if statement, if is a keyword that is followed by a condition inside
A. ()
B. <>
C. {}
D. []

10. According to the all the statements are executed in the given sequence.
A. selection control
B. repetition control
C. sequential control
D. relational control

11. is the default control structure in C language.
A. Check control
B. Sequential control
C. Relational control
D. All

12. executes the set of statements under if statement if the condition is true.
A. Control statement
B. Condition statement
C. if statement
D. if-else statement

13. A set of multiple instructions enclosed in braces is called a or a
A. block, compound statement
B. block, relational statement
C. code, block
D. compound statement, code

14. If there are more than one instructions under if statement or else statement, enclose them in the form of a
A. Box
B. Braces
C. block
D. code

15. Conditional statements within conditional statements are called
A. Conditional structure
B. nested selection structures
C. if else structure
D. if nested selection

16. In, it is a common mistake to omit one or two braces while typing.
A. compound statements
B. control statement
C. selection statement
D. relational statement

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For the 10th Class Computer Chapter-1 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that differ from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

he purpose of these notes was to make them as effective as possible. However, mistakes are still possible no matter how hard we try. In any case, if you see them, please let us know by commenting below. We appreciate your ideas and suggestions for improving the study material. Our efforts are meant to benefit all of the community, so we encourage you to share them with your friends, as “Sharing is caring“.

November 7, 2024
10th Class Computer Chapter 2: User Interaction
10th Class Chapter 2 : User Interaction Short and Simple Question & Answer

We are aware that you are searching for 10th Class Computer Chapter 2 Notes on the internet. The notes are well-written, simple, and organized in an easy-to-understand manner and according to the new syllabus. At the bottom of these notes, you will find a download button to make your life easier. These notes for 10th Class Computer Chapter 2 User Interaction are available to download or view. Many students practice 2024 computer Notes questions by FAIZ UL ISLAM and get good marks in the exam.

Q.1: Define computer program.
Ans. The set of instructions given to the computer are known as a computer program or Software.

Q.2: What is computer programming?
Ans. The process of feeding or storing these instructions in the computer is known as computer programming.

Q.3: Who is programmer?
Ans. The person who knows how to write a computer program correctly is known as a programmer.

Q.4: Who and when C language was developed?
Ans. C language was developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at Bell Laboratories.

Q.5: What is programming language?
Ans. Programmers write computer programs in these special languages (C, C++ Java etc.) called programming languages. Java, C, C++, C#, Python are some of the most commonly used programming languages.

Q.6: What is Programming Environment?
Ans. A collection of all the necessary tools for programming makes up a Programming environment. It is essential to setup a programming environment before we start writing programs. It works as a basic platform for us to write and execute programs.

Q.7: What is Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?
Ans. The software that provides a programming environment to facilitate programmers in writing and executing computer programs is known as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
An IDE has a graphical user interface (GUI), meaning that a user can interact with it using windows and buttons to provide input and get output.

Q.8: Writer down the IDEs for C programming language.
Ans. 1) Visual Studio 2) Xcode 3) Code::Blocks 4) Dev C++

Q.9: What is the purpose of text editor? (OR) What is text editor?
Ans. A text editors is a software that allows programmers to write and edit computer Programs. All IDEs had its own specific text editors.

Q.10: What is the purpose of compiler in C language? (OR) What is compiler?
Ans. A compiler is software that is responsible for conversion of a computer program written in some high level programming language to machine language code.

Q.11: What is syntax?
Ans. The set of rules used to write an accurate program is known as syntax of the language. Syntax can be thought of as grammar of a programming language.

Q.12: What is syntax error?
Ans. While programming, if proper syntax or rules of the programming language are not fdlowed, the program does not compiled. In this case, the compiler generates an error. This kind of errors
is called syntax errors.

Q.13: What do you know about reserved words? (OR)Write down the name of some reserved words.
Ans. Every programming language has a list of words that are predefined. Each word has its specific meaning already known to the compiler. These words are known as reserved words or keywords. Some names of reserved words are as follows: auto, int, else, switch and return.

Q.14: Write down the name of main parts of structure of a C program.
Ans. A program can be divided into three main parts:
- Link section or header section:
- Main section
- Body of main () function:
Q.15: What is link section or header section?
Ans. While writing programs in C language, we make extensive use of functions that are already defined in the language. But before using the existing functions, we need to include the files where these functions have been defined. These files are called header files. We include these header files in our program by writing the include statements at the top of program.

Q.16: Write down the general structure of an include statement.
Ans. General Structure of an include statement is as follows; #include

Q.17: Explain the general structure of an include statement.
Ans. General Structure of an include statement is as follows; #include
Here header file name can be the name of any header file in the above example. We have included file stdio.h that contains information related to input and output functions. Many other header files are also available for example file math.h contains all predefined mathematics
functions.

Q.18: What is main section of C language?
Ans. It consists of a main function. Every C program must contain a main() function and it is the starting point of execution.

Q.19: What is the body of main () section?
Ans. The body of main() is enclosed in the curly braces {}. All the statements inside these curly braces make the body of main function.

Q.20: Write down the three key points to write C Language program correctly.
Ans. (i) The sequence of statements in a C language program should be according to the sequence in which we want our program to be executed.
(ii) C language is case sensitive. It means that if a keyword is defined with all small case letters, we cannot capitalize any letter i.e. int is different from Int.
(iii) Each statement ends with a semi-colon; symbol.

Q.21: What are comments? Also write example.
Ans. Comments are the statements in a program that are ignored by the compiler and do not get executed. Usually comments are written in natural language.
Example: In English language, in order to provide description of our code.

Q.22: Write down the purpose of writing comments?
Ans. Comments can be considered as documentation of the program. Their purpose is.
1.It facilitates other programmers to understand our code.
2.It helps us to understand our own code even after years of writing it. We do not want these statements to be executed, because it may cause syntax error as the statements are written in natural language.

Q.23: How many types of comments are?
Ans. In C programming language, there are two types of comments:
1. Single-line Comments
2. Multi-line Comments

Q.24: What is the difference between single -line comments and multi-line comments?
Ans. Single-line comments start with //. Anything after // on the same line, is considered a comment. For example, //This is a comment.
Multi line comments start with /* and end at /. Anything between / and / is considered a comment, even on multiple lines. For example, /this is
a multi-line comment */

Q.25: What do you know about constants?
Ans. Constants are the values that cannot be changed during the execution of a program
e.g. 5, 75.7, 1500 etc. In C language, there are three types of constants:
1. Integer Constants 2. Real Constants 3. Character Constants

Q.26. How you can explain integer constants?
Ans. These are the values without a decimal point e.g. 7, 1256, 30100, 53555, -54, -2349 etc. It can be positive or negative. If the value is not preceded by a sign, it is considered as positive.

Q.27: Differentiate between Real Constants and Character Constants?
Ans. The differences are as follows:
Real Constant
These are the values including a decimal point e.g. 3.14, 15.3333, 75.0, -1575.76, -7941.2345 etc. They can also be positive or negative
Character Constant
Any single small case letter, upper case letter, digit, punctuation mark, special symbol enclosed within” is considered a character constant e.g. ‘5’, ‘7’, ‘a’. ‘X’, ‘.’ etc.

Q.28: What is Variables?
Ans. A variable is actually a name given to a merhory location, as the data is physically stored inside the computer’s memory. The value of a variable can be changed in a program. It means that, in a program, if a variable contains value 5, then later we can give it another value that replaces the value 5.
Example: height, Average, Weight, _var1.

Q.29: How many Data Type of a Variable are?
Ans. The data types of variable are as under:
Integer – int (signed/unsigned)
Floating Point – float
Character – char

Q.30: Define Integer?
Ans. Integer data type is used to store integer values (whole numbers). Integer takes up 4 bytes of memory. To declare a variable of type integer, we use the keyword int.

Q.31: What is difference between Signed Int and Unsigned Int?
Ans. Signed int
A signed Int can store both positive and negative values ranging from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. By default, type Int is Considered as a signed integer.
Unsigned int
An unsigned Int can store only positive values and its value ranges from 0 to +4,294,967,295. Keyword unsigned Int is used to declare an unsigned integer.

Q.32: What is floating point data?
Ans. Float data type is used to store a real number (number with floating point) up to six digits of precision. To declare a variable of type float, we use the keyword float. A float uses 4 bytes of memory. Its value ranges from 3.4×10-3 to 3.4x 1038.

Q.33: What is the purpose of character-char data type?
Ans. To declare character type variables in C, we use the keyword char. It takes up just 1 byte of memory for storage. A variable of char type can store one character only.

Q.34: Write down the any two rules for naming variables.
Ans. 1. A variable name can only contain alphabets (uppercase or lowercase) digits and underscore sign.
2. Variable name must begin with a letter or an underscore, it cannot begin with a digit.

Q.35: What is difference between Variables and Constants?
Ans. The difference between variables and constants are as follows:
Variable
A variable is actually a name given to a memory location, as the data is physically stored inside the computer’s memory. The value of a variable can be changed in a program. It means that, in a program, if a variable contains value 5, then later we can give it another value that replaces the value 5. Some examples of valid variable names are height, Average, Weight, _var1.
Constant
Constants are the values that cannot be changed in a program e.g. 5, 75.7, 1500 etc. In C language, there are three types of constants:
Integer Constants
Real Constants
Character Constants

Q.36: What is variable declaration?
Ans. Declaring variable includes specifying its data type and giving it a valid name. Following syntax can be followed to declare a variable.
Data_type variable_name;
Some examples of valid variable declarations are as follows: Unsigned Int age; float height;

Q.37: What is variable initialization?
Ans. Assigning value to a variable for the first time is called variable initialization. C language allows us to initialize a variable both at the time of declaration, and after declaring it.

Q.38: Write down structure for initializing variable.
Ans. For initializing a variable at the time of declaration, we use the following general structure.
data_type variable_name = value; le data_type to

Multiple Choice Question

MCQS

1. The series of instructions 1 that given to the computer are known as a:
A. Computer Program
B. Software
C. Hardware
D. Both A And B

2. The process of feeding or storing these instructions in the computer is known as…
A. Computer language
B. Software
C. Computer programming
D. Programming environment

3. The person who knows how 3 to write a computer program correctly is known as a:
A. Developer
B. Programmer
C. Hacker
D. heft

4. Computers cannot understand
A. English
B. Urdu
C. Arabic
D. all of these

5. Programmers write computer 5 programs in these special languages called:
A. Computer program
B. Programming languages
C. Reserved words
D. None of these

6. Programmer needs proper for programming.
A. Hardware
B. Software
C. Tools
D. Computer
7. IDE stand for:

A. Integrated Development Environment
B. International Development Environment
C. Integrated Development Experiment
D. Integrated Donation Environment

8. A software that provides a programming environment to facilitate programmers in writing and executing computer programs is known as an:
A. International Development Environment
B. Reserved Words
C. Programming environment
D. Integrated Development Environment

9. IDEs for C programming language are:
A. Visual Studio
B. Xcode
C. Code::Blocks
D. All of these

10. A is a software that 10 allows programmers to write and edit computer Programs.
A. text editors
B. Compiler
C. Computer
D. Software

11. All IDEs have their own specific:
A. Compiler
B. IDE
C. Texteditors
D. Identity

12. Computers only understand 12 and work in machine language consisting of:
A. Alphabet
B. Os and 1s
C. only 1s
D. Only Os

13. A…….is a software that is responsible for conversion of a computer program written in some high level programming language to machine language code.
A. Compiler
B. Interpreter
C. Machine
D. Printer

14. Each programming language has some primitive building blocks and provides same 14 rules in order to write an accurate program. This set of rules is known as ..of the language.
A. Software
B. Instruction
C. Error
D. Syntax

15. While programming, if proper syntax or rules of the programming language are not followed, the program does not get compiled. In this case, the compiler generates an error. This kind of errors is called.
A. Syntax errors
B. Logical error
C. Programming error
D. Machine

16. Which one from the following reserved word? is not a wing
A. Auto
B. int
C. case
D. print

17. The main parts of structure of structur of C program are:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

18. General structure of an 18 include statement is as:
A. #include
B. #include
C. #include(hea der_file_name>
D. #include<h eader_file_ name

19. Every C program must contain a function and it is the starting point of execution.
A. main()
B. header files
C. Body
D. ll of these

20. The body of main() is enclosed in:
A. <>
B. []C. {}
D. ()

21. are the statements in a program that are ignored by the compiler and do not get executed.
A. Syntax
B. Comments
C. Reserve word
D. Header

22. The type of comments:
A. Single-line Comments
B. Multi-line Comments
C. Both a and b
D. None of these

23. Single-line comments start with:
A. .
B. /
C. //
D. ;

24. Multi line comments start with:
A. >
B. /*
C. ??
D. //

25. Multi line comments end at:
A. {
B. //
C. /*
D. /

26. Which one from the following is not special symbol?

A. //
B. 6
C. .
D. ?

27. The alphabets, digits and special symbols when combined in an allowable manner form:
A. Constants
B. Variables
C. Keywords
D. All of these

28. are the values that cannot be changed by a program.
A. Character Constants
B. Integer Constants
C. Constants
D. Real constants

29. The types of Constants are:
A. Integer Constants
B. Real constants
C. Character Constants
D. All of these

30. The values without a decimal point:
A. Integer Constants
B. Real constants
C. Character Constants
D. Variables

31. Which one of the following is a real constant?
A. -7941.2345
B. 79412345
C. -792345a
D. -7941.23457

32. A is actually a name given to a memory location, as the data is physically stored inside the computer’s memory.
A. Constants
B. Variable
C. Reserved words
D. Comments

33. The value of a can be changed in a program.
A. Variable
B. Constants
C. Comments
D. None of these

34. Data type of a variables are:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 1

35. Integer data type is used to store:
A. Float value
B. Signed int value
C. Integer values
D. Real value

36. Integer takes up bytes of memory.
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

37. A signed int can store:
A. Positive value
B. Negative value
C. Both a and b
D. None of these

38. By default, type int is Considered as a:
A. Char integer
B. Unsigned integer
C. Signed integer
D. Float

39. The ranges of Unsigned int is form:
A. 0 to 4, 294, 967, 295
B. 0 to plus/minus 4 ,294,967,295
C. 0 to – 4,294,967,295
D. 0 to 2.1122222

40. type is used to store a real number (number with floating point) up to six digits of precision.
A. Real data
B. Float data
C. Int data
D. Char data

41. The value ranges of floating data point is form:
A. 4.4 * 10 ^ – 30 * tc 3.4 * 10 ^ 38
B. 3.4 * 10 ^ – 37 * to 3.4 * 10 ^ 37
C. 4.4 * 10 ^ – 38 * to 4.4 * 10 ^ 38
D. 3.4 * 10 ^ – 38 * to 3.4 * 10 ^ 38

42. Some examples of valid variable declarations are:
A. unsigned int age;
B. float height;
C. int salary;
D. All of these

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For the 10th Class Computer Chapter-1 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that differ from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

he purpose of these notes was to make them as effective as possible. However, mistakes are still possible no matter how hard we try. In any case, if you see them, please let us know by commenting below. We appreciate your ideas and suggestions for improving the study material. Our efforts are meant to benefit all of the community, so we encourage you to share them with your friends, as “Sharing is caring“.
November 7, 2024
10th Class Computer Chapter 1: Introduction to programming
10th Class Chapter 1: Introduction to programming Short and Simple Question & Answer

We are aware that you are searching for 10th Class Computer Chapter 1 Notes on the internet. The notes are well-written, simple, and organized in an easy-to-understand manner and according to the new syllabus. At the bottom of these notes, you will find a download button to make your life easier. These notes for 10th Class Computer Chapter 1 Introduction to Programming are available to download or view. Many students practice 2024 computer Notes questions by FAIZ UL ISLAM and get good marks in the exam.

Q.1: Define computer program.
Ans. The set of instructions given to the computer are known as a computer program or Software.

Q.2: What is computer programming?
Ans. The process of feeding or storing these instructions in the computer is known as computer programming.

Q.3: Who is programmer?
Ans. The person who knows how to write a computer program correctly is known as a programmer.

Q.4: Who and when C language was developed?
Ans. C language was developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at Bell Laboratories.

Q.5: What is programming language?
Ans. Programmers write computer programs in these special languages (C, C++ Java etc.) called programming languages. Java, C, C++, C#, Python are some of the most commonly used programming languages.

Q.6: What is Programming Environment?
Ans. A collection of all the necessary tools for programming makes up a Programming environment. It is essential to setup a programming environment before we start writing programs. It works as a basic platform for us to write and execute programs.

Q.7: What is Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?
Ans. The software that provides a programming environment to facilitate programmers in writing and executing computer programs is known as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
An IDE has a graphical user interface (GUI), meaning that a user can interact with it using windows and buttons to provide input and get output.

Q.8: Writer down the IDEs for C programming language.
Ans. 1) Visual Studio 2) Xcode 3) Code::Blocks 4) Dev C++

Q.9: What is the purpose of text editor? (OR) What is text editor?
Ans. A text editors is a software that allows programmers to write and edit computer Programs. All IDEs had its own specific text editors.

Q.10: What is the purpose of compiler in C language? (OR) What is compiler?
Ans. A compiler is software that is responsible for conversion of a computer program written in some high level programming language to machine language code.

Q.11: What is syntax?
Ans. The set of rules used to write an accurate program is known as syntax of the language. Syntax can be thought of as grammar of a programming language.

Q.12: What is syntax error?
Ans. While programming, if proper syntax or rules of the programming language are not fdlowed, the program does not compiled. In this case, the compiler generates an error. This kind of errors
is called syntax errors.

Q.13: What do you know about reserved words? (OR)Write down the name of some reserved words.
Ans. Every programming language has a list of words that are predefined. Each word has its specific meaning already known to the compiler. These words are known as reserved words or keywords. Some names of reserved words are as follows: auto, int, else, switch and return.

Q.14: Write down the name of main parts of structure of a C program.
Ans. A program can be divided into three main parts:
- Link section or header section:
- Main section
- Body of main () function:
Q.15: What is link section or header section?
Ans. While writing programs in C language, we make extensive use of functions that are already defined in the language. But before using the existing functions, we need to include the files where these functions have been defined. These files are called header files. We include these header files in our program by writing the include statements at the top of program.

Q.16: Write down the general structure of an include statement.
Ans. General Structure of an include statement is as follows; #include

Q.17: Explain the general structure of an include statement.
Ans. General Structure of an include statement is as follows; #include
Here header file name can be the name of any header file in the above example. We have included file stdio.h that contains information related to input and output functions. Many other header files are also available for example file math.h contains all predefined mathematics
functions.

Q.18: What is main section of C language?
Ans. It consists of a main function. Every C program must contain a main() function and it is the starting point of execution.

Q.19: What is the body of main () section?
Ans. The body of main() is enclosed in the curly braces {}. All the statements inside these curly braces make the body of main function.

Q.20: Write down the three key points to write C Language program correctly.
Ans. (i) The sequence of statements in a C language program should be according to the sequence in which we want our program to be executed.
(ii) C language is case sensitive. It means that if a keyword is defined with all small case letters, we cannot capitalize any letter i.e. int is different from Int.
(iii) Each statement ends with a semi-colon; symbol.

Q.21: What are comments? Also write example.
Ans. Comments are the statements in a program that are ignored by the compiler and do not get executed. Usually comments are written in natural language.
Example: In English language, in order to provide description of our code.

Q.22: Write down the purpose of writing comments?
Ans. Comments can be considered as documentation of the program. Their purpose is.
1.It facilitates other programmers to understand our code.
2.It helps us to understand our own code even after years of writing it. We do not want these statements to be executed, because it may cause syntax error as the statements are written in natural language.

Q.23: How many types of comments are?
Ans. In C programming language, there are two types of comments:
1. Single-line Comments
2. Multi-line Comments

Q.24: What is the difference between single -line comments and multi-line comments?
Ans. Single-line comments start with //. Anything after // on the same line, is considered a comment. For example, //This is a comment.
Multi line comments start with /* and end at /. Anything between / and / is considered a comment, even on multiple lines. For example, /this is
a multi-line comment */

Q.25: What do you know about constants?
Ans. Constants are the values that cannot be changed during the execution of a program
e.g. 5, 75.7, 1500 etc. In C language, there are three types of constants:
1. Integer Constants 2. Real Constants 3. Character Constants

Q.26. How you can explain integer constants?
Ans. These are the values without a decimal point e.g. 7, 1256, 30100, 53555, -54, -2349 etc. It can be positive or negative. If the value is not preceded by a sign, it is considered as positive.

Q.27: Differentiate between Real Constants and Character Constants?
Ans. The differences are as follows:
Real Constant
These are the values including a decimal point e.g. 3.14, 15.3333, 75.0, -1575.76, -7941.2345 etc. They can also be positive or negative
Character Constant
Any single small case letter, upper case letter, digit, punctuation mark, special symbol enclosed within” is considered a character constant e.g. ‘5’, ‘7’, ‘a’. ‘X’, ‘.’ etc.

Q.28: What is Variables?
Ans. A variable is actually a name given to a merhory location, as the data is physically stored inside the computer’s memory. The value of a variable can be changed in a program. It means that, in a program, if a variable contains value 5, then later we can give it another value that replaces the value 5.
Example: height, Average, Weight, _var1.

Q.29: How many Data Type of a Variable are?
Ans. The data types of variable are as under:
Integer – int (signed/unsigned)
Floating Point – float
Character – char

Q.30: Define Integer?
Ans. Integer data type is used to store integer values (whole numbers). Integer takes up 4 bytes of memory. To declare a variable of type integer, we use the keyword int.

Q.31: What is difference between Signed Int and Unsigned Int?
Ans. Signed int
A signed Int can store both positive and negative values ranging from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. By default, type Int is Considered as a signed integer.
Unsigned int
An unsigned Int can store only positive values and its value ranges from 0 to +4,294,967,295. Keyword unsigned Int is used to declare an unsigned integer.

Q.32: What is floating point data?
Ans. Float data type is used to store a real number (number with floating point) up to six digits of precision. To declare a variable of type float, we use the keyword float. A float uses 4 bytes of memory. Its value ranges from 3.4×10-3 to 3.4x 1038.

Q.33: What is the purpose of character-char data type?
Ans. To declare character type variables in C, we use the keyword char. It takes up just 1 byte of memory for storage. A variable of char type can store one character only.

Q.34: Write down the any two rules for naming variables.
Ans. 1. A variable name can only contain alphabets (uppercase or lowercase) digits and underscore sign.
2. Variable name must begin with a letter or an underscore, it cannot begin with a digit.

Q.35: What is difference between Variables and Constants?
Ans. The difference between variables and constants are as follows:
Variable
A variable is actually a name given to a memory location, as the data is physically stored inside the computer’s memory. The value of a variable can be changed in a program. It means that, in a program, if a variable contains value 5, then later we can give it another value that replaces the value 5. Some examples of valid variable names are height, Average, Weight, _var1.
Constant
Constants are the values that cannot be changed in a program e.g. 5, 75.7, 1500 etc. In C language, there are three types of constants:
Integer Constants
Real Constants
Character Constants

Q.36: What is variable declaration?
Ans. Declaring variable includes specifying its data type and giving it a valid name. Following syntax can be followed to declare a variable.
Data_type variable_name;
Some examples of valid variable declarations are as follows: Unsigned Int age; float height;

Q.37: What is variable initialization?
Ans. Assigning value to a variable for the first time is called variable initialization. C language allows us to initialize a variable both at the time of declaration, and after declaring it.

Q.38: Write down structure for initializing variable.
Ans. For initializing a variable at the time of declaration, we use the following general structure.
data_type variable_name = value; le data_type to

Multiple Choice Question

MCQS

1. The series of instructions 1 that given to the computer are known as a:
A. Computer Program
B. Software
C. Hardware
D. Both A And B

2. The process of feeding or storing these instructions in the computer is known as…
A. Computer language
B. Software
C. Computer programming
D. Programming environment

3. The person who knows how 3 to write a computer program correctly is known as a:
A. Developer
B. Programmer
C. Hacker
D. heft

4. Computers cannot understand
A. English
B. Urdu
C. Arabic
D. all of these

5. Programmers write computer 5 programs in these special languages called:
A. Computer program
B. Programming languages
C. Reserved words
D. None of these

6. Programmer needs proper for programming.
A. Hardware
B. Software
C. Tools
D. Computer
7. IDE stand for:

A. Integrated Development Environment
B. International Development Environment
C. Integrated Development Experiment
D. Integrated Donation Environment

8. A software that provides a programming environment to facilitate programmers in writing and executing computer programs is known as an:
A. International Development Environment
B. Reserved Words
C. Programming environment
D. Integrated Development Environment

9. IDEs for C programming language are:
A. Visual Studio
B. Xcode
C. Code::Blocks
D. All of these

10. A is a software that 10 allows programmers to write and edit computer Programs.
A. text editors
B. Compiler
C. Computer
D. Software

11. All IDEs have their own specific:
A. Compiler
B. IDE
C. Texteditors
D. Identity

12. Computers only understand 12 and work in machine language consisting of:
A. Alphabet
B. Os and 1s
C. only 1s
D. Only Os

13. A…….is a software that is responsible for conversion of a computer program written in some high level programming language to machine language code.
A. Compiler
B. Interpreter
C. Machine
D. Printer

14. Each programming language has some primitive building blocks and provides same 14 rules in order to write an accurate program. This set of rules is known as ..of the language.
A. Software
B. Instruction
C. Error
D. Syntax

15. While programming, if proper syntax or rules of the programming language are not followed, the program does not get compiled. In this case, the compiler generates an error. This kind of errors is called.
A. Syntax errors
B. Logical error
C. Programming error
D. Machine

16. Which one from the following reserved word? is not a wing
A. Auto
B. int
C. case
D. print

17. The main parts of structure of structur of C program are:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

18. General structure of an 18 include statement is as:
A. #include
B. #include
C. #include(hea der_file_name>
D. #include<h eader_file_ name

19. Every C program must contain a function and it is the starting point of execution.
A. main()
B. header files
C. Body
D. ll of these

20. The body of main() is enclosed in:
A. <>
B. []
C. {}
D. ()

21. are the statements in a program that are ignored by the compiler and do not get executed.
A. Syntax
B. Comments
C. Reserve word
D. Header

22. The type of comments:
A. Single-line Comments
B. Multi-line Comments
C. Both a and b
D. None of these

23. Single-line comments start with:
A. .
B. /
C. //
D. ;

24. Multi line comments start with:
A. >
B. /*
C. ??
D. //

25. Multi line comments end at:
A. {
B. //
C. /*
D. /

26. Which one from the following is not special symbol?

A. //
B. 6
C. .
D. ?

27. The alphabets, digits and special symbols when combined in an allowable manner form:
A. Constants
B. Variables
C. Keywords
D. All of these

28. are the values that cannot be changed by a program.
A. Character Constants
B. Integer Constants
C. Constants
D. Real constants

29. The types of Constants are:
A. Integer Constants
B. Real constants
C. Character Constants
D. All of these

30. The values without a decimal point:
A. Integer Constants
B. Real constants
C. Character Constants
D. Variables

31. Which one of the following is a real constant?
A. -7941.2345
B. 79412345
C. -792345a
D. -7941.23457

32. A is actually a name given to a memory location, as the data is physically stored inside the computer’s memory.
A. Constants
B. Variable
C. Reserved words
D. Comments

33. The value of a can be changed in a program.
A. Variable
B. Constants
C. Comments
D. None of these

34. Data type of a variables are:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 1

35. Integer data type is used to store:
A. Float value
B. Signed int value
C. Integer values
D. Real value

36. Integer takes up bytes of memory.
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

37. A signed int can store:
A. Positive value
B. Negative value
C. Both a and b
D. None of these

38. By default, type int is Considered as a:
A. Char integer
B. Unsigned integer
C. Signed integer
D. Float

39. The ranges of Unsigned int is form:
A. 0 to 4, 294, 967, 295
B. 0 to plus/minus 4 ,294,967,295
C. 0 to – 4,294,967,295
D. 0 to 2.1122222

40. type is used to store a real number (number with floating point) up to six digits of precision.
A. Real data
B. Float data
C. Int data
D. Char data

41. The value ranges of floating data point is form:
A. 4.4 * 10 ^ – 30 * tc 3.4 * 10 ^ 38
B. 3.4 * 10 ^ – 37 * to 3.4 * 10 ^ 37
C. 4.4 * 10 ^ – 38 * to 4.4 * 10 ^ 38
D. 3.4 * 10 ^ – 38 * to 3.4 * 10 ^ 38

42. Some examples of valid variable declarations are:
A. unsigned int age;
B. float height;
C. int salary;
D. All of these

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For the 10th Class Computer Chapter-1 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that differ from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

he purpose of these notes was to make them as effective as possible. However, mistakes are still possible no matter how hard we try. In any case, if you see them, please let us know by commenting below. We appreciate your ideas and suggestions for improving the study material. Our efforts are meant to benefit all of the community, so we encourage you to share them with your friends, as “Sharing is caring“.
November 7, 2024
10th Class Physics Chapter 13: Electrostatics

10th Class Chapter 13: Electrostatics Short and Simple Question & Answer

In this post, you will find solved notes of 10th class physics chapter 11 in PDF. There are no obscure words in these notes, they are simple and well organized. You can download these notes by clicking on the download button at the bottom of this page. View or download these Physics Chapter 11 Audio Notes for Class 10 English Medium. Many students have successfully used the Physics Estimate Paper 2024 by Faiz Ul Islam to achieve good results in their exams.

Q 1. How can we produce a charge in neutral body?

Ans: We can produce a charge in neutral body by rubbing it with another neutral body e.g. plastic rod rub with silk.

Q 2. What is electrostatics?

Ans: Study of charges at rest is called electrostatics or static electricity.

Q 3. What is meant by electrostatic induction, for which purpose it is used?

Ans: In the presence of a charged body, an insulated conductor develops positive charge at one end and negative change at the other end. This process is called the electrostatic induction. This method is used for charging body.

Q 4. Why is electric charge produced in bodies by friction?

Ans: When we rub two bodies, we provide external force by rubbing. Then the loosely bound electrons in one body are transferred to the other body. As electrons carry negative charge, therefore, a negative charge is developed on the body which gets electrons and positive charge is developed on the body which loses electrons.

Q 5. What is purpose electrostatic used?

Ans: Electrostatic is used in everyday lives which includes photocopying, car painting extracting dust from carpets and form chimneys of industrial machinery.

Q 6. How electroscope can be charged?

Ans: Electroscope can be charge by the process of electrostatic induction. It can also be Charged by process of conduction.

Q 7. Which type of instrument gold leaf electroscope is?

Ans: The gold leaf electroscope is sensitive instrument for detecting charges. It consists of a brass rod with a brass disk at the top and two thin leaves of gold foil hanging at the bottom. The rod passes through an insulator that keep the rood in place and also remains the charges. Charges can move freely from the disk to leaves through the rod. A thin aluminum foil is attached on the lower portion of the inside of the jar

Q 8. How can we detect with electroscope that body is conductor or insulator?

Ans: Electroscope can also be used to distinguish between insulator and conductors. Touch the disk of a charged electroscope with martial under test. If the leaves collapse forms their diverged position the body would be a good conductor. If leaves collapse from their thee is no change in the divergence of the leaves, It will show that the body under test is insulator.

Q 9. Defined electric field intensity?

Ans: The strength of electric field at any point in space is known as electric field intensity Formula: E = F qo Thus the electric field intensity at any point is defined as the force acting on a unit positive charge place at that point. Unit: its SI unit is NC-1 .

Q 10. State the Coulomb’s law.

Ans: The force of attraction or repulsion between two points charges is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

Q 11. Who introduce the electric lines of force?

Ans: the direction of electric liens filed intensity in an electric field can also be represented by drawing lines these lines are known as electric lines of force introduced by Michael Faraday.

Q 12. What is meant by point charges?

Ans: If the distance between two charged bodies is much greater as compared to their size. the bodies are considered as point charges.

Q 14. In which direction Coulomb’s force act between the two charges?

Ans: The Coulomb’s forces have equal magnitude but always act in opposite directions. Q 15. What is SI unit of electric intensity? Ans: SI unit of electric intensity is NC-1 .

Q 16. What is work of Charles Coulomb?

Ans: A French scientist Charles Coulomb (1736-1806) in 1785 experimentally established the fundamentals law of electric force between two stationary charged particles

. Q 17. What is direction of electric intensity?

Ans: Electric intensity being a force is a vector quantity. Its direction is the same as that of the force acting on the positive test charge.

Q 18. On which factors the value of K depends?

Ans: The value of the k depends upon the medium between the two charges and the system of units in which F, q and r are measured is the permittivity of free space.

Q 19. What is meant by electric potential?

Ans: Electric potential at a point in an electric field is equal to the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.

Q 20. Define Fared?

Ans: If one Coulomb of charge given to the plates of a capacitor produces a potential difference of one volt between the plates of the capacitor than its capacitance would be one farad.

Q 21. What is meant by Capacitance?

Ans: Capacitance is the ability of the capacitor to store charge. It is given by the ratio of Charge and the electric potential. Formula: C = Q V Unit: SI unit of capacitance is fared (F) fared is a large unit, usually we use a smaller unit called micro fared (μF) and pico fared(pF).

Q 22. Define potential difference between two points.

Ans: The potential difference between two points can be defined as the energy supplied by a unit charge as it moves from one point two the other.

Q 23. What is electron volt? Also find its energy in joules.

Ans: Electron volt [eV] is the unit of energy used to measure the energy supplied by the movement of charges. This is a small unit of energy and is often used in atomic and nuclear physics. It is

Q 24. How does a capacitor store charge?

Ans: If +Q amount of charge is transferred to its one plate, due to electrostatic induction it would induce –Q charge on the inner surface of other plate. There exists a force of attraction between the charges +Q stored on the first plate and the charge –Q induced on the inner surface of other plate. Due to this force of attraction, the charges are bound with the plate and remain stored for a long period.

Q 25. Why charge cannot be stored on capacitor for a long time?

Ans: Charge cannot be stored on a conductor for a long period of time because the stored charges mutually repel each other due to which they spread on the whole surface of the conductor and also tend to leak out from there.

Q 26. How static electricity can be generated?

Ans: Static electricity can be generated by the frictions of the gasoline being pumped into a vehicle or container. It can also be produced when we get out of the car of remove an article of clothing static electric charge build up during transport.

Q 27. What do you know about paper capacitor?

Ans: Paper capacitor is an example of fixed capacitors. The paper capacitor has a cylindrical shape. Usually an oiled or greased paper or a thin plastic sheet is used as a di-electric between two aluminum foils. The papers or plastic sheet is firmly rolled in the form of a cylinder and is then enclosed into a plastic case.

Q 28. How the phenomenon of lightening occurs?

Ans: The phenomenon of lightening occurs due to a large quantity of electric charge which builds up in the heavy thunder clouds. The thunderclouds are charged by friction between the water molecules in the thunder clouds and the air molecules. When the charge on the thunder clouds is sufficiently high, it can produce positive and negative charges in air. The huge amount of negative charge is discharged to the highest objet on the ground and can harm them.

Q 29. How static charges are dangerous?

Ans: If static charges are allowed to discharge through the area where there is petrol vapour a fine can occur. The results are frightening and may be devastating.

Q 30. What is difference between variable and fixed capacitors?

Ans: Capacitors are either variable or fixed. In variable capacitors the value of capacitance can be increased or decreases. In fixed type capacitors, the value of capacitance cannot be changed.

Q 31. How electrolytic capacitor is important?

Ans: An electrolytic capacitor is important because it is often used to store large amounts of charge at relatively low voltages.

Q 32. Why parallel plate capacitors are not commonly used.

Ans: Parallel plate capacitors are not commonly used in most devices because in order to store enough charger, their size must be large which is not desirable.

Q 33. Why it is very dangerous to swim in the open sea, play in an open field or hide under a tree during a thunderstorm?

Ans: The phenomenon of lightening occurs due to a large quantity of electric charge which builds up in the heavy thunderclouds. The thunderclouds are charged by friction between the water molecules in the thunderclouds and the air molecules. When the charge on the thunderclouds is sufficiently high, it can produce positive and negative charges in the air. Then the negative charge is discharged to the highest object on the ground and can harm them. So, it may dangerous to swim in the open sea, plan in an open field or hide under a tree during a thunderstorm.

Q 34. How is Static electricity a major cause of fires and explosions at many places?

Ans: Static electricity ls a major cause of fires and explosion at many places. A fire or an explosion may occur due to excessive build-up electric charges produced by friction.

Q 35. What is capacitor and at which principle if work?

Ans: Capacitor is a device that is used to store charges. It works on the principle of electrostatic induction.

Q 36. What is the purpose of parallel combination of capacitors?

Ans: If n capacitors are combined in parallel, then their equivalent capacitance is given by: Ce = C1 + C2 + C3 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Cn

Q 37. How can we determine that an electric field is strong or weak in a certain region?

Ans: The number of lines of force is related with the strength of the field. lf in a certain region, lines of force are close to each other, the field is strong there. And if lines of force are far-apart from each other, then the field is weaker there. Thus by seeing the lines of force, we can get information about the magnitude and direction of electric field intensity. Q 38. Enlist few uses of capacitors. Ans: They are used in:  Tuning Transmitters  Receiver and Transistor Radios  Table fans. Exhaust fans  Coolers, Air Conditioners  Motors, Washing Machines

Q 39. For what purpose electrostatics is used in everyday life?

Ans: Electrostatics is used in everyday lives which includes photocopying, car painting, extracting dust from dirty carpets and from chimneys of industrial machinery.

Q 40. How automobile manufactures use static electricity to paint new cars?

Ans: The body of car is charged and then the paint is given the opposite charge by charging the nozzle of the sprayer. Due to mutual repulsion charge particles coming out of the nozzle form a fine mist and are evenly distributed on the surface of the object.

Q 41. How the phenomenon of lightening occurs?

Ans: The phenomenon of lightening occurs due to a large quantity of electric charge which builds up in the heavy thunder clouds. The thunderclouds are charged by friction between the water molecules in the thunder clouds and the air molecules. When the charge on the thunder clouds is sufficiently high, it can produce positive and negative charges in air. The huge amount of negative charge is discharged to the highest objet on the ground and can harm them.

Q 42. Why lightening conductors are used in tall buildings?

Ans: The purpose of the lightning conductor is to provide a steady discharge path for the large amount of negative charge in the air to flow from the top of the building to the earth. In the way the chances of lighting damage due to sudden discharge can be minimized.

Q 43. How static electricity can be generated?

Ans: Static electricity can be generated by the friction of the gasoline being pumped into a vehicle or contain. It can also be produced when we get out of the car or remove an article of clothing. Portable oil containers can also build up a static electric charge during transport.

Q 44. How static charges are dangerous?

Ans: If static charges are allowed to discharge through the areas where there is petrol vapour a fire can occur. The results are frightening and may be devastating.

Q 45. Write any two examples of practical application of electrostatic induction?

Ans: The applications of electrostatic induction are as: i. Separation o.

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These 10th class physics notes were prepared according to the syllabus of all Punjab boards. Boards other than Punjab do not follow class 10 physics notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal.

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November 6, 2024
10th Class Physics Chapter 14: Current Electricity

10th Class Chapter 14: Current Electricity Short and Simple Question & Answer

In this post, you will find solved notes of 10th class physics chapter 11 in PDF. There are no obscure words in these notes, they are simple and well organized. You can download these notes by clicking on the download button at the bottom of this page. View or download these Physics Chapter 11 Audio Notes for Class 10 English Medium. Many students have successfully used the Physics Estimate Paper 2024 by Faiz Ul Islam to achieve good results in their exams.

Q 1. Define electric current.

Ans: The rate of flow of electric charge through any cross-sectional area is called, electric current. lf the charge Q is passing through an area A in time ‘t’ second, then the current.

Q 2. What is meant by the conventional current?

Ans: A current produced due to flow of negative charge is equivalent to a current due to the flow of an equal amount of positive charge in the opposite direction. This equivalent current of positive charge is known as conventional current.

Q 3. Which type of charge is responsible for the flow of current in metallic conductors?

Ans: In metals or metallic conductors, the current is due to the flow of free electrons i.e. negative charges. For example, in a copper wire, there are a large number of free electrons which are in random motion. When we apply a potential difference across the wire, these free electrons move through the wire.

Q 4. In electrolyte which charge is responsible for the flow of current?

Ans: The molecules of electrolytes are dissolved among positive and negative ions in a solution. Thus current in electrolytes is due to the flow of both positive and negative charges.

Q 5. How energy is obtained due to the flow of charges?

Ans: When a positive charge moves from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential, it gains energy from the electric field. During the flow of electric current, positive charges flow continuously from a high potential to a low potential point. Thus the electric current becomes a continuous source of energy.

Q 6. How a galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter?

Ans: The galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter by connecting suitable resistance in series with it. The value of the resistance depends upon the range of the voltmeter. Usually, its value is several thousand ohms. Thus the resistance of a voltmeter is very high.

Q 7. How a galvanometer is converted into an ammeter?

Ans: A Galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by connecting a small resistance parallel to it. This small resistance is known as a “shunt”. Shunt provides an alternative path for the current to flow. The major part of the current passes through the shunt and a small fraction of it flows through the galvanometer.

Q 8. Why resistance of the ammeter is kept low?

Ans: lf the resistance of the ammeter is kept high, then a high amount of current flows through the galvanometer. When a high amount of current flows through the galvanometer then the galvanometer can be burnt. that is why the resistance of the ammeter is kept low.

Q 9. Why resistance of the voltmeter is kept high?

Ans: If the resistance of the voltmeter is comparatively low, it will draw more current from the circuit. Due to this the potential difference across the resistance for the measurement, of which the voltmeter was connected, would drop.

Q 10. On what factors reliability of the voltmeter depend?

Ans: Higher the resistance of the voltmeter. More reliable would be its readings. Therefore, a good voltmeter should have such a high resistance so that no or very little current could pass through it.

Q 11. Differentiate between electromotive force and potential difference.

Ans: Electromotive force: the electromotive force of a battery or cell is the total energy supplied in driving a one-coulomb charge around a complete circuit in which the cell is connected. The complete circuit includes the cell and external circuit connected to the terminals. Potential difference: the potential difference determines the energy between any two points of the circuit which is required in moving a charge from one point to another.

Q 12. State and explain Ohm’s law. Write down its limitations.

Ans: “The value of current I passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference V applied across its ends, provided the temperature and the physical state of the conductor do not change. Mathematical form: V = IR Limitations of Ohm’s law: Ohm’s Law is applicable only in the case of metallic conductors when their temperature and physical state do not change.

Q 13. Define resistance and its unit.

Ans: The property of a substance that opposes the flow of current through it is called its resistance. Where R is resistance, V is the potential difference and I is current., S.I unit of resistance is Ohm. Which is defined as Ohm: “lf a current of one ampere passes through it when a potential difference of one volt is applied across its ends then resistance would be one Ohm. Ohm is usually represented by the Greek letter Ω.

Q 14. What are the factors upon which the resistance of a conductor depends?

Ans: Resistance of the conductor depends upon the following factors: i. Length of the conductor (L) ii. Area of cross-section of the conductor (A) iii. Nature of the conductor iv. Temperature

Q 15. Why does the resistance of a conductor increase with the rise of its temperature?

Ans: When the temperature of the conductor rises, the average speed of the random motion of the free electrons increases, which enhances the rate of collision of electrons and atoms. This causes an increase in the resistance of the conductor.

Q 16. Why do we always use metal wires for the conduction of electricity?

Ans: Because they are good conductors of electricity and offer less resistance to the flow of current. Metals like silver and copper have an excess of free electrons which are not held strongly with any particular atom of metals. These free electrons move randomly in all directions inside metals. When we apply an external electric field these elections can easily move in a specific direction. This movement of free elections in a particular direction under the influence of an external field causes the flow of current in metal wires.

Q 17. What do you mean by insulators?

Ans: The substances through which almost no current flows are called insulators. Bns: Examples: The examples of insulators are glass, wood, plastic, Our, silk, etc.

Q 18. State Joule’s Law.

Ans: The amount of heat generated in a resistance due to the flow of charges is equal to the product of the square of current I, resistance R, and the time duration t. mathematically:

Q 22. What are live and neutral wires?

Ans: Electricity is distributed to various houses in a city from a power station using two wires: i. Neutral wire: One wire is earthed at the power station, so it is at zero potential. This wire is called a neutral wire. This wire provides the return path of the current. It is black or blue. ii. Live wire: The other wire on the power station is at some certain potential called the live wire. The potential difference between both wires is 220. It is red or brown.

Q 23. How electricity is dangerous for us?

Ans: Our body is a good conductor of electricity through which current can easily pass. Therefore, if a person holds the live wire, then because of the presence of voltage in it, current will start flowing to the ground through the human body which may prove fatal for the person.

Q 24. What is cable? And how it should be used?

Ans: “An insulated covered wire is known as cable”. The cable should be used keeping the following things in mind:  The layer of insulation in the cable is perfect and is not damaged.  Sometimes a heavy current flows through the wire and it gets so hot that its insulation is burnt out and the wire becomes naked and it becomes dangerous.  Constant friction also removes the insulation from the wire whereas too much moisture also damages the insulation. In such a situation it is advisable to use a cable with two layers of insulation.

Q 25. Define fuse and write down its principle.

Ans: “A small wire connected ln series with the live wire is known as fuse wire or fuse”. Principle: A specified amount of current can safely pass through it. When the current following through it exceeds this limit, it gets so hot that it melts.

Q 26. What do you know about the Fuse rating?

Ans: We can determine the required fuse rating for a circuit. Suppose we want to insert a fuse for an air conditioner or heater of power 3000W. If the voltage supply is 240V, then according to relation P =V x I, we gel I = 12.5A. The available fuses in the market are usually of rating 5A, 10A, 13A, 30A, etc. Hence suitable fuse for this circuit would be of l3A.

Q 27. What is a Circuit Breaker? Also, write down its principles.

Ans: It is a safety device that is used in place of a fuse. Due to any fault when the current exceeds the safety limit, then the button of the circuit breaker moves upward. Due to this the circuit breaks and the flow of the current is stopped in lt. Principle: The Current flowing through the electric circuit also flows through the coil of the circuit Breaker due to which the coil becomes electromagnet. When the current is within its limits the contact points of the circuit are connected and the circuit is completed. As soon as the current exceeds the limit, the magnetic force of the electromagnet is so increased that it attracts the iron strip towards it. Hence the contact points are separated and the circuit breaks.

Q 28. What is the working principle of Earth wire?

Ans: Whenever the metal casing of the appliance, due to faulty insulation, gets connected with the live wire, the circuit shorts and a large current would immediately flow to the ground through the earth wire and cause the fuse wire to melt or the circuit breaker breaks the circuit. Therefore, the person who is using the appliance is saved.

Q 29. On what principle circuit breaker work?

Ans: The circuit flowing through the electric circuit also flows through the coil of the circuit breaker due to which the coil becomes electromagnet. When the current is within its limits, the contact points of the circuit are connected and the circuit is completed. As soon as the current exceeds the limit, the magnetic force of the electrometric is so increased that it attracts the iron strip towards it. Hence the contact points are separated and the circuit breaks.

Q 30. How earth wire is useful to us?

Ans: Whenever the metal casing of the appliance, due to faulty insulation, gets connected with the live wire, the circuit shorts and a large current would immediately flow to the ground through the earth wire and cause the fuse wire to melt or the circuit breaker breaks the circuit. Therefore, the person who is using the appliance is saved.

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These 10th class physics notes were prepared according to the syllabus of all Punjab boards. Boards other than Punjab do not follow class 10 physics notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal.

Finally, we tried our best to make these notes useful for you. But if you find any errors, however, any suggestions for its further accuracy are invited. And if you find that our efforts help you, share it with your mates because “Sharing is caring”.

November 6, 2024
10th Class Physics Chapter 15: Electromagnetism

10th Class Chapter 15: Electromagnetism Short and Simple Question & Answer

In this post, you will find solved notes of 10th class physics chapter 11 in PDF. There are no obscure words in these notes, they are simple and well organized. You can download these notes by clicking on the download button at the bottom of this page. View or download these Physics Chapter 11 Audio Notes for Class 10 English Medium. Many students have successfully used the Physics Estimate Paper 2024 by Faiz Ul Islam to achieve good results in their exams.

Q 1. Define electric current.

Ans: The rate of flow of electric charge through any cross-sectional area is called, electric current. lf the charge Q is passing through an area A in time ‘t’ second, then the current.

Q 2. What is meant by the conventional current?

Ans: A current produced due to flow of negative charge is equivalent to a current due to the flow of an equal amount of positive charge in the opposite direction. This equivalent current of positive charge is known as conventional current.

Q 3. Which type of charge is responsible for the flow of current in metallic conductors?

Ans: In metals or metallic conductors, the current is due to the flow of free electrons i.e. negative charges. For example, in a copper wire, there are a large number of free electrons which are in random motion. When we apply a potential difference across the wire, these free electrons move through the wire.

Q 4. In electrolyte which charge is responsible for the flow of current?

Ans: The molecules of electrolytes are dissolved among positive and negative ions in a solution. Thus current in electrolytes is due to the flow of both positive and negative charges.

Q 5. How energy is obtained due to the flow of charges?

Ans: When a positive charge moves from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential, it gains energy from the electric field. During the flow of electric current, positive charges flow continuously from a high potential to a low potential point. Thus the electric current becomes a continuous source of energy.

Q 6. How a galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter?

Ans: The galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter by connecting suitable resistance in series with it. The value of the resistance depends upon the range of the voltmeter. Usually, its value is several thousand ohms. Thus the resistance of a voltmeter is very high.

Q 7. How a galvanometer is converted into an ammeter?

Ans: A Galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by connecting a small resistance parallel to it. This small resistance is known as a “shunt”. Shunt provides an alternative path for the current to flow. The major part of the current passes through the shunt and a small fraction of it flows through the galvanometer.

Q 8. Why resistance of the ammeter is kept low?

Ans: lf the resistance of the ammeter is kept high, then a high amount of current flows through the galvanometer. When a high amount of current flows through the galvanometer then the galvanometer can be burnt. that is why the resistance of the ammeter is kept low.

Q 9. Why resistance of the voltmeter is kept high?

Ans: If the resistance of the voltmeter is comparatively low, it will draw more current from the circuit. Due to this the potential difference across the resistance for the measurement, of which the voltmeter was connected, would drop.

Q 10. On what factors reliability of the voltmeter depend?

Ans: Higher the resistance of the voltmeter. More reliable would be its readings. Therefore, a good voltmeter should have such a high resistance so that no or very little current could pass through it.

Q 11. Differentiate between electromotive force and potential difference.

Ans: Electromotive force: the electromotive force of a battery or cell is the total energy supplied in driving a one-coulomb charge around a complete circuit in which the cell is connected. The complete circuit includes the cell and external circuit connected to the terminals. Potential difference: the potential difference determines the energy between any two points of the circuit which is required in moving a charge from one point to another.

Q 12. State and explain Ohm’s law. Write down its limitations.

Ans: “The value of current I passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference V applied across its ends, provided the temperature and the physical state of the conductor do not change. Mathematical form: V = IR Limitations of Ohm’s law: Ohm’s Law is applicable only in the case of metallic conductors when their temperature and physical state do not change.

Q 13. Define resistance and its unit.

Ans: The property of a substance that opposes the flow of current through it is called its resistance. Where R is resistance, V is the potential difference and I is current., S.I unit of resistance is Ohm. Which is defined as Ohm: “lf a current of one ampere passes through it when a potential difference of one volt is applied across its ends then resistance would be one Ohm. Ohm is usually represented by the Greek letter Ω.

Q 14. What are the factors upon which the resistance of a conductor depends?

Ans: Resistance of the conductor depends upon the following factors: i. Length of the conductor (L) ii. Area of cross-section of the conductor (A) iii. Nature of the conductor iv. Temperature

Q 15. Why does the resistance of a conductor increase with the rise of its temperature?

Ans: When the temperature of the conductor rises, the average speed of the random motion of the free electrons increases, which enhances the rate of collision of electrons and atoms. This causes an increase in the resistance of the conductor.

Q 16. Why do we always use metal wires for the conduction of electricity?

Ans: Because they are good conductors of electricity and offer less resistance to the flow of current. Metals like silver and copper have an excess of free electrons which are not held strongly with any particular atom of metals. These free electrons move randomly in all directions inside metals. When we apply an external electric field these elections can easily move in a specific direction. This movement of free elections in a particular direction under the influence of an external field causes the flow of current in metal wires.

Q 17. What do you mean by insulators?

Ans: The substances through which almost no current flows are called insulators. Bns: Examples: The examples of insulators are glass, wood, plastic, Our, silk, etc.

Q 18. State Joule’s Law.

Ans: The amount of heat generated in a resistance due to the flow of charges is equal to the product of the square of current I, resistance R, and the time duration t. mathematically:

Q 22. What are live and neutral wires?

Ans: Electricity is distributed to various houses in a city from a power station using two wires: i. Neutral wire: One wire is earthed at the power station, so it is at zero potential. This wire is called a neutral wire. This wire provides the return path of the current. It is black or blue. ii. Live wire: The other wire on the power station is at some certain potential called the live wire. The potential difference between both wires is 220. It is red or brown.

Q 23. How electricity is dangerous for us?

Ans: Our body is a good conductor of electricity through which current can easily pass. Therefore, if a person holds the live wire, then because of the presence of voltage in it, current will start flowing to the ground through the human body which may prove fatal for the person.

Q 24. What is cable? And how it should be used?

Ans: “An insulated covered wire is known as cable”. The cable should be used keeping the following things in mind:  The layer of insulation in the cable is perfect and is not damaged.  Sometimes a heavy current flows through the wire and it gets so hot that its insulation is burnt out and the wire becomes naked and it becomes dangerous.  Constant friction also removes the insulation from the wire whereas too much moisture also damages the insulation. In such a situation it is advisable to use a cable with two layers of insulation.

Q 25. Define fuse and write down its principle.

Ans: “A small wire connected ln series with the live wire is known as fuse wire or fuse”. Principle: A specified amount of current can safely pass through it. When the current following through it exceeds this limit, it gets so hot that it melts.

Q 26. What do you know about the Fuse rating?

Ans: We can determine the required fuse rating for a circuit. Suppose we want to insert a fuse for an air conditioner or heater of power 3000W. If the voltage supply is 240V, then according to relation P =V x I, we gel I = 12.5A. The available fuses in the market are usually of rating 5A, 10A, 13A, 30A, etc. Hence suitable fuse for this circuit would be of l3A.

Q 27. What is a Circuit Breaker? Also, write down its principles.

Ans: It is a safety device that is used in place of a fuse. Due to any fault when the current exceeds the safety limit, then the button of the circuit breaker moves upward. Due to this the circuit breaks and the flow of the current is stopped in lt. Principle: The Current flowing through the electric circuit also flows through the coil of the circuit Breaker due to which the coil becomes electromagnet. When the current is within its limits the contact points of the circuit are connected and the circuit is completed. As soon as the current exceeds the limit, the magnetic force of the electromagnet is so increased that it attracts the iron strip towards it. Hence the contact points are separated and the circuit breaks.

Q 28. What is the working principle of Earth wire?

Ans: Whenever the metal casing of the appliance, due to faulty insulation, gets connected with the live wire, the circuit shorts and a large current would immediately flow to the ground through the earth wire and cause the fuse wire to melt or the circuit breaker breaks the circuit. Therefore, the person who is using the appliance is saved.

Q 29. On what principle circuit breaker work?

Ans: The circuit flowing through the electric circuit also flows through the coil of the circuit breaker due to which the coil becomes electromagnet. When the current is within its limits, the contact points of the circuit are connected and the circuit is completed. As soon as the current exceeds the limit, the magnetic force of the electrometric is so increased that it attracts the iron strip towards it. Hence the contact points are separated and the circuit breaks.

Q 30. How earth wire is useful to us?

Ans: Whenever the metal casing of the appliance, due to faulty insulation, gets connected with the live wire, the circuit shorts and a large current would immediately flow to the ground through the earth wire and cause the fuse wire to melt or the circuit breaker breaks the circuit. Therefore, the person who is using the appliance is saved.

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These 10th class physics notes were prepared according to the syllabus of all Punjab boards. Boards other than Punjab do not follow class 10 physics notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal.

Finally, we tried our best to make these notes useful for you. But if you find any errors, however, any suggestions for its further accuracy are invited. And if you find that our efforts help you, share it with your mates because “Sharing is caring”.

November 6, 2024
10th Class Physics Chapter 16: Basic Electronics

10th Class Chapter 16: Basic Electronics Short and Simple Question & Answer

In this post, you will find solved notes of 10th class physics chapter 11 in PDF. There are no obscure words in these notes, they are simple and well organized. You can download these notes by clicking on the download button at the bottom of this page. View or download these Physics Chapter 11 Audio Notes for Class 10 English Medium. Many students have successfully used the Physics Estimate Paper 2024 by Faiz Ul Islam to achieve good results in their exams.

Unit 16

Q 1. Define electronics.

Ans: The branch of applied physics that deals with the behavior of elections using different devices for various useful purposes is known as electronics.

Q 2. What do you understand by thermionic emission?

Ans: Thermionic Emission: the process of emission of electrons from the hot metal surfaces is called thermionic emission.

Q 3. What happens when a narrow beam of electrons is passed through a uniform electric field? What is its reason?

Ans: We can set up an electric field by applying a potential difference across two parallel metal plates placed horizontally separated at some distance. When an electron beam passes between the two plates. It can be seen that the electrons are deflected towards the positive plate. The reason for this is that elections are attracted by the positive charges and repelled by the negative charges due to force F=qE. The degree of deflection of electrons from their original direction is proportional to the strength of the electric field applied.

Q 4. What is the function of electromagnetism in television?

Ans: Electromagnets are used to deflect electrons to the desired positions on the screen of a television tube.

Q 5. What happens, when a narrow beam of elections 1s passes through a uniform magnetic field.

Ans: Deflection of Electrons by Magnetic Field: We apply magnetic fields at a right angle to the beam of electrons by using a horseshoe magnet. We will notice that the spot of the electron beams on the screen is getting deflected from its original direction. Now change the direction of the horse-shoe magnet. We will see that spot on the fluorescent screen is getting deflected in the opposite direction.

Q 6. When and who discovered electrons?

Ans: In the 1950 physicists started to examine the passage of electricity through on vacuum tube. Some kinds of rays were emitted from the cathode or the negative electrode, the rays were called cathode rays. J.J Thomson in 1897 observed the deflection of cathode rays by both electric and magnetic field. From these deflection experiments, he concluded that cathode rays must carry a negative charge. These negatively charged particles were given the name of electrons.

Q 7. What is meant by thermionic emission?

Ans: Definition: “The process of emission of electrons from the hot metal surfaces is called thermionic emission.” Q 8. How is thermionic emission produced? Ans: Metals contain a large number of free electrons. At room temperature electrons Cannot escape the metal surface due to attractive forces of the atomic nucleus. When the metal is located at a high temperature. Some free electrons may gain sufficient energy to escape the metal surface.

Q 9. What is a Cathode Rays Oscilloscope (C.R.O)?

Ans: The Cathode-ray oscilloscope is an instrument that is used to display the magnitudes of changing electric currents or potentials. The information is displayed on the screen of a “cathode ray tube.” This screen appears as a circular or rectangular window usually with a centimeter graph. Examples: Picture tubes in our TV set and the display terminal for most computers are cathode ray tubes.

Q 10. Describe the function of the electron gun.

Ans: The electron gun consists of an electron source which is an electrically heated cathode that ejects electrons. The flow of the electrons in the beam is controlled by an electrode called grid ’G’. The grid is connected to the negative potential. The more negative this potential. The more electrons will be repelled from the grid and hence fewer electrons will reach the anode and the screen. The number of electrons reaching the screen determines. The brightness on the screen light. Hence the negative potential of the grid can be used as a brightness control. The anode is connected to the positive potential and hence is used to accelerate the electrons. The electrons are focused into a fine beam as they pass through the anode.

Q 11. Write down uses of CRG?

Ans: The GRO is used in many fields of science, some uses are given below: 1. Displaying waveforms. 2. Measuring voltages. 3. Range finding (as in radar) 4. Echo sounding (to find the depth of sea beds). 5. To display heartbeats.

Q 12. How glow is produced in the tube?

Ans: The glow in the tube is due to the circular motion of electrons in the magnetic field. The glow glow comes from the light emitted from the excitations of the gas atoms in the tube.

Q 13. Explain the difference between analogue and digital electronics.

Ans: Analogue Electronics: The branch of electronics consisting of such circuits that process the analog quantities (continuously vary) is called analog electronics. Examples: Amplifier, Electric Iron, Refrigerator Digital Electronics: The branch of electronics consisting of circuits that process the data being provided in the form of maximum and minimum voltage signals is known as digital electronics. Examples: Computer, Digital camera, Mobile phone

Q 14. Write the brief importance of digital electronics.

Ans: Most of today’s technologies fall under the classification of digital electronics. Digital electronics devices store and process bits electrically which helps users fast.

Q 15. What is bit and byte?

Ans: A bit represents data using 1’s and 0’s. & 8 bits is equal to 1 byte. Q 18. What is digitization? Ans: Digitization is the process of information into 1’s and 0’s.

Q 19. Define Logic operations and logic gates.

Ans: Logic Operation: the various operations of Boolean variables are called as logic operations because the various variables used in the subject of logic also possess two values. The word ‘truth’ has also been borrowed from this subject. Logic Gates: in digital electronics, the 0 and 1 values of the variables are simulated by two different levels of the potential. Usually, 0 is represented as zero or ground potential and 1 by 5 volts or by any other suitable voltage. Then such circuits have been designed which implement the various logic operations. These circuits are known as logic gates.

Q 20. Define OR Operation & Write its Truth Table.

Ans: Or Operation to be that in which the output has a value 1 when at least one of its inputs is at 1. The output is 0 only when all the input are 0s.

Q 21. Define AND Operation & Write its Truth Table.

Ans: AND operator is such a logic operation its output is 1 only when all the values of its input are 1. Truth table of OR Operation: The truth table shows all the values of the input variable and the value of output for each set of the values of the input. By using the sign of AND operation, the truth table shown as:

Q 22. Define NOT Gate?

Ans: An operation after which the Boolean variable changes its state and acquires the second possible state is known as NOT Operation.

Q 23. Write Down Truth Table of NOT Gate.

Ans: Truth Table of NOT Gate: Truth Table of NOT operations is as:

Q 24. Define NAND Gate.

Ans: A NAND Gate is formed by coupling a NOT gate with the output terminal of an AND gate. NAND gate inverts the output of the AND gate.

Q 26. Define NOR Gate.

Ans: A NOR gate is formed by coupling the output of OR gate with NOT gate. NOR gate inverts the output A+B for the OR gate.

Q 27. Write down the truth table of NOR gate?

Ans: Truth Table of NOR gate: Truth Table of NOR gate is given. in this table, the value of output has been written by inverting the output OR gate.

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These 10th class physics notes were prepared according to the syllabus of all Punjab boards. Boards other than Punjab do not follow class 10 physics notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal.

Finally, we tried our best to make these notes useful for you. But if you find any errors, however, any suggestions for its further accuracy are invited. And if you find that our efforts help you, share it with your mates because “Sharing is caring”.

November 6, 2024
10th Class Physics Chapter 17: Information and Communication Technology

10th Class Chapter 17: Information and Communication Technology Short and Simple Question & Answer

In this post, you will find solved notes of 10th class physics chapter 11 in PDF. There are no obscure words in these notes, they are simple and well organized. You can download these notes by clicking on the download button at the bottom of this page. View or download these Physics Chapter 11 Audio Notes for Class 10 English Medium. Many students have successfully used the Physics Estimate Paper 2024 by Faiz Ul Islam to achieve good results in their exams.

Q 1. What is difference between data and information?

Ans: Data: a representation of facts, concepts or instructions in the formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by humans or machines is called data. OR Data is a collection of facts. It is raw material of information. Examples: Numeric Data, Alphabetic data Information: the raw facts arranged in suitable manner provide information Or Processed data is known as information Example: Text, Graphics, Figures, etc.

Q 2. Define the terms. (i) Information technology (ii) Telecommunication

Ans: information Technology: The scientific method used to store information, to arrange it for proper use and to communicate it to others is called information technology. Telecommunication: The method that is used to communicate information to far off places instantly is called telecommunication.

Q 3. What do you understand by information and communication technology?

Ans: Information and communication technology is scientific and technical methods and means to store, process and transmit vast amounts of information in seconds with help of electronic equipment.

Q 4. What are the components of information technology?

Ans: Hardware Software Data Procedure People

Q 5. What is difference between Hardware and Software?

Ans: Hardware: The hardware of computer system consists of physical components installed in main computer box and all associated equipment interconnected in an organized way Examples: Mouse Monitor screen, Printers etc. Software: The term software refers computer programs and the manuals that give the set of instruction to the hardware of compute that tells the CBIS parts what to do. After instruction the hardware part of CBIS produce the useful information from raw data. Examples: DOS, Windows, Linux.

Q 6. What is meant by Flow of Information?

Ans: Flow of information: The transformation of information from one place to another place is known as flow of information. The information transferred in different way through telecommunication equipment.

Q 7. Why Satellite Communication System is based on microwaves instead of radio waves.

Ans: The radio waves are retracted by the different layers in the earth’s atmospheric system. But the microwaves are not refracted. This does not lead weaken signal and easy to receive the information over long distance. That is the reason that micro-waves are used in satellite communications system.

Q 9. What do you know about telephone? Describe its construction.

Ans: Telephone also has diaphragm to turn voice into electrical signals by vibration which are transmitted over phone lines. Telephone system has two main parts: i. Mouthpiece / Transmitter ii. Earpiece / Receiver

Q 10. What is function of Mouthpiece and Earpiece.

Ans: Mouthpiece: When compressional waves of voice strike with diaphragm, the diaphragm also vibrated which compress the carbon and electrical signal produced. These electrical signals flow through the wire in the form of electrical current. Earpiece: Receiver received electrical signal which flow through the electromagnet. The electromagnet produces a varying field cause the vibration in metal diaphragm. This vibration of the diaphragm produces sound waves.

Q 11. What is Fax Machine?

Ans: Fax machine is also known as ‘TeIefacsimile’s’. Fax machine is used to send the copy of documents from one place to another place. Fax machine scans the documents page and convert it into electrical signals and transmit it to another fax machine through telephone lines. The receiving fax machine receive these electrical signals and converted these signals into copy with the help of printer

Q 12. What is Cell Phone? Describe its main parts.

Ans: Cell Phone: A cell phone is a device which consists on radio transmitter and radio receiver and used for two-way communication. It sends and receive the information with help of electromagnetic waves. Construction and Working: Main parts of cell phone network are as following: i. Cells ii. BS iii. MSC

Q 13. What is meant by Modulation?

Ans: Modulation: The process in which we superimpose information on electromagnetic waves called modulation.

Q 14. What do you know about Photo Phone?

Ans: In common telephone system, we can transfer and receive sound only but in photo phone, we can send and received sound the picture also. By using the photo and phone number of our friends or family members on this telephone you can call them by pressing pad with their photos. Thus we can communicative without relatives or friends on photo phone with the physical appearance of each other.

Q 15. How the desired station is picked through any Radio Station?

Ans: In a radio set, a variable capacitor is used to receive or pick the desire frequency of any radio signal. It is because the radio waves have broad spectrum of waves of different wavelengths and frequencies transmitted by different radio station simultaneously. A variable capacitor helps in picking the desired frequency of broadcasted radio waves.

Q 16. What is the difference between the Mobile Phone and the Normal Phone?

Ans: Mobile phone works on the basis of two-way radio communication system. It is based on wireless systems. However, in telephone, the signals are transmitted through telephone cables in the form of electrical pulses.

Q 17. What is meant by Optical Fiber?

Ans: Optical Fiber: An optical fiber or optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of high quality extruded glass or plastic, slightly thicker than a human hair. It can function as a waveguide, or “light pipe” to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber.

Q 18. Describe working principle of optical fiber?

Ans: The light enters the core at one end of optical fiber. These light beams hit the core-cladding interface and reflect back into the core. If the angle of incidence is less than critical angle the light beam escape form core which cause the data loss. lf incidence angle is greater than of critical angle then the light beams totally reflect into the core. In this way large amount of data can be transferred from one place to another place in form of light.

Q 19. What do you know about multimode?

Ans: Multimode: when electrical signals are transmitted through wives, the signal lost increases with increasing data rate. This decreases the range of the signal. The optical fiber of multimode is 10 times bigger than fiber optics used in single-mode cables. The light beams in the core can travel by following different paths, which is why it is called multimode. Advantage: Multimode fiber optics are used to link the computer networks together and it can send information relatively short distances.

Q 20. What is a Computer?

Ans: A computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept the data (input) and process it (processing) to give useful information {output) and store it(storage) for further use. OR “(Computer is an electronic machine which gives useful processed data in short time after analyzing and arranging.” Main Parts of Computer: Some main parts of a computer are given below: i. Input devices ii. The central processing unit (GPU) iii. Output devices

Q 21. Briefly describe the types of computer.

Ans: Types of Computer: There are main types of computer. i. Personal Computer: It is general used computer. These are less powerful machine as compared to micro-computer. ii. Minicomputer: These low cost computers use integrated circuits. These yet surprisingly powerful computers find their application in business and education. Minicomputer got their names due to their small size and have less powerful then main frame computers. iii. Main Frame: Mainframe are large scale computer together with their supporting equipment cost millions of dollars. It is usually used in large firms for different functions. iv. Super computer: Supercomputers are largest, fastest and most expensive computer for complicated problems. Fastest supercomputer can perform more than one trillion calculations in one second.

Q 22. What is difference between Input and Output Devices?

Ans: Input devices: The device which are used to give the instructions to computer are known as input devices. Examples: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, touch screen, light pen etc. are the examples of input devices Output devices: The device takes results from computer and presents it in human readable form ls called output devices. There are number of output devices. Examples: Video display unit/ visual display device monitor, printers and speaker etc.

Q 23. What is meant by storing devices? Name the different storage devices?

Ans: The devices which are used to store any important data or information are called information storing devices. Example: Audio, video tape, compact disc (CD), Laser Disc, Floppy Disk and Hard Disk. The storage devices work on different principles using electronics, magnetism and laser technology.

Q 24. Differentiate between primary and secondary memory?

Ans: Primary Memory: Main memory is computer’s primary storage. It is extension of the central process unit (CPU) and directly accessible to it. Main memory accepts data and instructions from input unit, exchanges data supplies instructions to the other parts of CPU. It is based on electronics and consists of integrated circuit (lCs). It is random access memory (RAM). It vanishes when the computer is switched off. Secondary Memory: Secondary memory also referred as backing storage is used to supplement the capacity of primary memory. The data storage devices are generally known as secondary memory. It is used to store the data permanently in the computer.

Q.25 What are audio and video cassettes? How data is stored in these cassettes?

Ans: Audio cassettes consist of a tape of magnetic material, on which sound is saved in a particular form of a magnetic field. Storing information: the electric pulses produced by microphone change with respect to sound waves. These electric pulses change the magnetic field produced by electromagnet. Because of this magnetic field the magnetic tape is magnetized in specific form according to rise and fall of electric pulses. In this way sound is stored in specific magnetic pattern on this magnetic tape.

Q 26. What is floppy disc?

Ans: Floppy disc is the most common form of secondary storage devices. It is made up of a small magnetically sensitive, flexible plastic wafer which coated with ferromagnetic material and enclosed in a rigid plastic cover which protects it. Most personal computers included at least one disk drive that allow the computer to read write information from/ on floppy disk.

Q 27. What is Compact Disk (CD)

Ans: It is molded plastic disk on which digital data (binary numbers) is stored in the form of microscopic reflecting and non-reflecting spots. The reflecting spots are known as ‘pits’ and non-reflecting spot known as ‘lands’ Pits: pits are spiral tracks encoded on the top surfaces of CD Lands: lands are the space between the pits.

Q 28. How a Compact Disc work with laser based technology?

Ans: A fine laser beam scans the surface of rotating disk to read data. Pits and lands reflect different amount of laser light falling on the surface of CD. The reflected light from pits and lands converted into binary data. The presence of pit indicates ‘1’ and absences of pit indicate ‘0’. The data stored on CD is only readable data that cannot be altered or erased, therefore CD memory is called read only memory (ROM)

Q 29. What is Storage Capacity of CD and DVD?

Ans: A CD can store over 680 Megabyte (MB) data. A DVD the same size as traditional CD, is able to store up to Gigabyte (GB) of data

Q 30. What is Flash Drive?

Ans: Flash drive: flash drive is an electronic based device and consists of data storage ICs and used to transfer data from one computer to another. It is small storage device which slightly larger than gum stick. Flash drive is easy to use. We can simply plug flash drive is USB port and can copy our created papers. Flash drive can separate form computer.

Q 31. Define Program.

Ans: All the work is done by the computer in the light of those instructions which are called program information in its memory as long as we desire.

Q 32. Define Computer and enlist its different parts?

Ans: Computer is an electronic machine which after analyzing and arranging the given information, presents it in a very short time. Parts of computer: the parts of computer are: i. Input devices ii. CPU iii. Output devices

Q 33. Why Computer becomes so Popular?

Ans: The reasons of popularity of computer are as: i. Fast working of the computer ii. Accurate solution of the given information iii. Large memory iv. Capability of deriving results

Q 34. What is Protocol?

Ans: All computers linked with internet use uniform communication process and same code. In the internet terminology, it is called protocol. Whose name is TCP/IP. It is the abbreviation of transmission control protocol / internet protocol.

Q 35. What is HTML?

Ans: The language which is used in the internet web is understood will by all the computers linked with it and this language is called HTML. Which is an abbreviation of Hypertext Markup Language. Computer linked with the internet can exchange their information or can use the data base.

Q 36. Define Word Processing?

Ans: To type something by computer’s keyboard to correct, to arrange, to amend the documents, to add and detect the written portion which required is called the word process.

Q 37. Define Graphic Designing?

Ans: The process of collecting information regarding a subject for any purpose and to store them in the computer in more than one inter linked files which may help when needed, is called data managing.

Q 38. What is Remote Control System?

Ans: It is an extremely useful instrument. The function of a television and some other electronic machines can be controlled by it from a large distance without any cable connection.

Q 39. Which part of the computer is celled the Brain of Computer?

Ans: The central processing unit of computer is called the brain of the computer because it accepts all the instructions or program given to it, which accordingly processed by a control and memory unit.

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These 10th class physics notes were prepared according to the syllabus of all Punjab boards. Boards other than Punjab do not follow class 10 physics notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal.

Finally, we tried our best to make these notes useful for you. But if you find any errors, however, any suggestions for its further accuracy are invited. And if you find that our efforts help you, share it with your mates because “Sharing is caring”.

November 6, 2024