2nd year Computer Chapter 3: DataBasic Design Process

2nd year Chapter 3: DataBasic Design Process Short and Simple Question & Answer

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Q1: What is analysis?

Ans: Analysis is the process of studying the existing system and determining the requirements for a new system. An “Analyst” is responsible for this critical step in database system development.

Q2: Why is project planning important?

Ans: Project planning is vital for project management. It defines project scope, methods, tasks, resource estimates, and costs, ensuring a clear path to project completion.

Q3: What is data modeling?

Ans: Data modeling involves identifying data objects and their relationships. It’s the initial step in designing a database, progressing from a conceptual model to a logical model to create a physical schema.

Q4: Define cardinality?

Ans: Cardinality refers to the number of occurrences of one entity associated with one or more occurrences of another entity in a relationship. It’s expressed as “one” or “many.”

Q5: What is Modality?

Ans: Modality defines whether an entity’s participation in a relationship is mandatory or optional. An optional relationship has a cardinality of zero, while a mandatory one has a cardinality of at least one.

Q6: What is an E-R diagram?

Ans: An Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram is a visual representation that illustrates how entities are related in a database. It uses symbols to convey information about these relationships.

Q7: What is logical database design?

Ans: Logical database design involves mapping the conceptual model to the structures of a target database management system (DBMS), particularly in the context of relational databases.

Q8: What is physical database design?

Ans: Physical database design is the final step in creating a database. It entails implementing the database as stored records, files, indexes, and data structures to ensure performance, data integrity, security, and recoverability.

Q9: What is centralized database distribution?

Ans: Centralized database distribution means that all data is stored in a single location. While this can simplify management, it may lead to high data communication costs and limited remote accessibility. If the central server fails, the entire database becomes inaccessible.

Q10: What is partitioned database distribution?

Ans: Partitioned distribution divides data into fragments placed on different computers, making it more accessible than a centralized database strategy.

Q11: What is replicated database distribution?

Ans: Replicated distribution involves storing a full copy of the database on multiple computers. Any changes on one computer are replicated to the others. This strategy requires more storage and can involve significant communication costs and frequent synchronization.

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For the 2nd year Computer Chapter 3 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that different from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

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