2nd year Chapter 12: Loop Constructs Short and Simple Question & Answer

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Q 1. What is a Control Structure?

Ans. A control structure is a statement used to manage the flow of execution in a program or function, combining individual instructions into a single logical unit. It ensures that program logic is implemented with precision. There are three primary types of control structures:

• Sequence structure
• Selection structure
• Repetition structure

Q 2. What is a Sequence Structure?

Ans. In a sequence structure, program instructions execute one after another, following the order in which they are written. This represents the default flow of a program, where execution starts from the first instruction and proceeds sequentially.

Q 3. What is a Selection Structure?

Ans. A selection structure divides program instructions into two or more groups, executing a selected group based on the evaluation of a specific condition.

Q 4. What is a Repetition Structure?

Ans. A repetition structure, also known as an iteration or loop structure, is used to repeatedly execute a statement or set of statements as long as a given condition remains true. This control structure is ideal for performing repetitive tasks and includes three fundamental loop structures in C language:

• While loop
• Do-while loop
• For loop

Q 5. What is an IF Statement?

Ans. “if” is a keyword in C language, and the “if” statement serves as the simplest form of a selection structure. It is used to execute or skip a statement or a set of statements after evaluating a specific condition, typically a logical or relational expression. If the condition is true, the statements following the “if” statement are executed; if false, they are skipped.

Q 6. What is a Compound Statement?

Ans. A compound statement, also referred to as a block of code, consists of a set of statements enclosed within curly brackets.

Q 7. What is an if-else Statement?

Ans. The “if” statement is employed to make decisions regarding whether a particular task will be performed or not. When a two-way decision is required, the if-else statement is used. It evaluates a condition and executes one of two code blocks, while skipping the other. Both code blocks cannot be executed or skipped.

Q 8. What is an if-else-if Statement?

Ans. The if-else-if statement is used to select and execute one compound statement from two or more available statements. When multiple compound statements are present and you need to choose one, the if-else-if statement is employed.

Q 9. What is a Conditional Operator?

Ans. The conditional operator is used as an extension of a simple if-else statement to make a two-way decision. It evaluates a condition, and depending on the result, it selects and executes one of two specified statements.

Q 10. What is a Switch Statement?

Ans. A switch statement serves as an alternative to the if-else-if statement and is used for conditional decision-making. It is particularly useful when you need to execute a block of statements from multiple options. The switch statement evaluates an expression and selects the appropriate case based on the evaluated value.

Q 11. What is a Nested if Statement?

Ans. A nested if statement occurs when one “if” statement is used within another “if” statement. This structure is used to create more complex decision-making scenarios by nesting one if statement inside another.

Q 12. What is a Break Statement?

Ans. The “break” statement is a keyword used within a switch statement. It is the final statement within each case and is employed to exit the current code block. When the break statement is executed in a switch statement, it transfers the flow of control to the first instruction after the switch block.

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For the 2nd year Computer Chapter 12 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that different from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

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