2nd year Computer Chapter 10: Input And Output

2nd year Chapter 10: Data Basics Short and Simple Question & Answer

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Q 1. What is an input statement?

Ans. An input statement refers to the data or instructions provided to a program through an input device, with the keyboard being a standard input device. In C language, the instructions used to receive input are known as input statements.

Q 2. What is an output statement?

Ans. An output statement is responsible for producing processed input data from a program and sending it to an output device. Typically, the standard output device is the monitor. In C language, built-in functions are used for output, and the instruction used for sending output is referred to as an output statement.

Q 3. What are standard input functions?

Ans. Standard input functions in C include important functions like scanf(), gets(), getch(), and getche() that are used for receiving input from users.

Q 4. What are standard output functions?

Ans. Standard output functions in C encompass key functions such as printf() and puts() that are used to display output.

Q 5. What is the printf() function?

Ans. The printf() function is used to display program output on the monitor. It can present text, constants, or variable values in a desired format. It’s considered a formatted output function, part of the C standard library and defined in the stdio.h header file.

Q 6. What is a format specifier?

Ans. A format specifier is a string used to specify how the value of a variable should be displayed on the monitor. Format specifiers start with a ‘%’ symbol and are used to define the format for displaying values, both for output and input.

Q 7. What is field width in a format specifier?

Ans. Field width, in a format specifier, determines the number of columns used to display a value on the monitor screen. It’s specified by a number in the format specifier and indicates the minimum number of columns to be used for printing a value. It’s optional in the format specifier.

Q 8. What is an escape sequence?

Ans. An escape sequence is a combination of characters used within the printf() function to control the printing of output. These sequences are not printed and start with a backslash (”). They allow you to include specific characters or control sequences within a string, such as ‘\n’ to represent a new line.

Q 9. What is the getch() function?

Ans. The getch() function is used to capture a single character as input from the keyboard. It transfers the typed character to a variable without the need to press the enter key, and the character entered does not appear on the screen.

Q 10. What is the getche() function?

Ans. The getche() function is used to obtain a single character as input from the keyboard. Like getch(), it transfers the character to a variable without requiring the user to press the enter key, and the character is not displayed on the screen.

Q 11. What is the function of the ‘\n’ escape sequence?

Ans. The ‘\n’ escape sequence represents a new line in a string. When encountered in a printf() statement, it moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line, effectively starting a new line in the output.

Q 12. What is the function of the ‘\t’ escape sequence?

Ans. The ‘\t’ escape sequence represents a horizontal tab. It is used to move the cursor one tab forward from the current position. For example:

printf(“Hello\tPakistan“);
The output of the above statement will be “Hello Pakistan,” with multiple spaces added to align text to the next tab stop.

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For the 2nd year Computer Chapter 10 Introduction to Programming, this set of notes follows the new syllabus, as it is for all Punjab boards. Other boards offer notes that different from this set. Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Lahore Board, Multan Board, Sahiwal Board, AJK Board are some of the boards in Punjab.

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