10th Class Chapter 11: Simple Harmonic Motion and Waves Short and Simple Question & Answer
In this post, you will find solved notes of 10th class physics chapter 11 in PDF. There are no obscure words in these notes, they are simple and well organized. You can download these notes by clicking on the download button at the bottom of this page. View or download these Physics Chapter 11 Audio Notes for Class 10 English Medium. Many students have successfully used the Physics Estimate Paper 2024 by Faiz Ul Islam to achieve good results in their exams.
Q 1. What is meant by oscillation?
Ans: A body moving back and forth or to and fro about its mean position is called vibration or oscillation. Examples: Motion of the simple pendulum
Q 2. Define Simple Harmonic Motion.
Ans: The acceleration of a body executing SHM is directly proportional to the displacement of the body from the mean position and is always directed toward the mean position. Mathematically: a = √−x Where a is acceleration x is displacement from the mean position.
Q 3. Define Hooke’s Law. Give its expression.
Ans: according to Hooke’s law the exerted force is directly proportional to change in length. F ∝ X
Q 4. How does the stiffness of the spring affect the value of k?
Ans: The value of k is a measure of the stiffness of the spring. Stiff springs have large k values and soft springs have small k values.
Q 5. What is the function of restoring force during oscillatory motion?
Ans: A restoring force always pushes or pulls the object performing oscillatory motion towards the mean position. Fr = kx
Q 6. Which type of forces are acting on a displaced pendulum
Ans: The restoring force that causes the pendulum to undergo simple harmonic motion is the component of gravitational force mg sinθ tangent to the path of motion
Q 7. Define period and write down the formula of Period for mass attached to a spring and for a simple pendulum.
Ans: Period (T): The time required to complete one vibration is called period. It is donated by “T” i. The period T of the simple harmonic motion of a mass m attached to a spring is given by the equation
Q 8. Define the following terms which characterize simple harmonic motion.
Ans: Vibration: One Complete round trip of a vibrating body about its mean position is called one vibration. Period (T): The time taken by a vibrating body to complete the vibration is called period. Frequency (f): The number of vibrations per cycle of a vibrating body in one second is called its frequency. It is reciprocal of period i.e. f = 1/T. Amplitude (A): the displacement of a vibrating body on either side from its mean position to its extreme position is called its amplitude. Displacement (D): Distance covered by the vibrating body at any instant during the vibration from the mean position.
Q 9. Write down important features of simple Harmonic Motion.
Ans: Important features of SHM are summarized as 1. A body executing SHM always vibrates about a fixed position. 2. Its acceleration is always directed towards the mean position 3. The magnitude of acceleration is always directly proportional to its displacement from the mean position i.e. acceleration will be zero at the mean position while it will be maximum at the extreme positions. 4. Its velocity is maximum at the mean position and zero at the extreme positions.
Q 10. Differentiate between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.
Ans: Mechanical waves: The Waves which require a material medium for their propagation are known as mechanical waves. Examples: Sound waves, Waves produced on a rope, water waves Electromagnetic waves: the waves that can propagate with or without material medium are known as electromagnetic waves. Example: X-rays, Radio waves, Heat, and light waves
Q 11. Differentiate between transverse waves and compressional or longitudinal waves.
Ans: Transverse Waves: The waves in which the direction of vibratory motion of particles of medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of waves are called transverse waves. Example: Waves produced in a rope, Water Waves Compressional / Longitudinal Waves: The Waves in which the direction of vibratory motion of particles of medium is parallel to the direction of propagation of waves are called compressional or longitudinal waves Examples: Sound waves
Q 12. Write down the relationship between frequency and period.
Ans: Frequency is a reciprocal of period i.e. they have an inverse relationship
Q 13. When the ball is at the center of the bowl what will be the net force?
Ans: When the ball is at the center of the bowl the net force acting on the ball is zero because at this position weight of the ball acts downward and is equal to the upward normal force of the surface of the bowl.
Q 14. What is the displacement of an object in a simple harmonic motion when kinetic and potential energy are equal?
Ans: Kinetic energy and potential energy are equal when the body is in the middle of the mean and extreme position.
Q 15. If we replace the iron bob of the dimple pendulum with the wooden bob what will be the effect of a period of the simple pendulum?
Ans: The period of a simple pendulum would remain the same because the period of a pendulum is independent of mass and amplitude.
Q 16. What is meant by damped oscillation?
Ans: The oscillations of a system in the presence of some resistive force are damped.
Q 17. How does the mechanical energy of the system reduce?
Ans: The friction reduces the mechanical energy of the system as time passes and the motion is said to be damped. This damped progressively reduces the amplitude of the motion.
Q 18. Explain the function of the shock absorber (application of the damped oscillation)
Ans: Shock observers: shock absorbers are one practical application of damped motion. A shock absorber consists of a piston moving through a liquid such as oil. The upper part of the shock absorber is firmly attached to the body of the car. When the car travels over a bump on the road, the car may vibrate violently. The shock absorbers damp these vibrations and convert their energy into the heat energy of the oil.
Q 19. How a wave can be defined? In which categories are these divided?
Ans: A wave is a disturbance in the medium that causes the particles of the medium to undergo vibratory motion about their mean position in equal intervals of time. There are two categories of waves: Mechanical waves Electromagnetic waves
Q 20. Define electromagnetic waves and give examples.
Ans: Electromagnetic waves: the waves that do not require any medium for their propagation are called electromagnetic waves. Example: X-rays, Radio waves, Heat, and light waves
Q 21. Define mechanical waves, and give examples.
Ans: Waves that require any medium for their propagation are called mechanical waves Examples: Water Wave, Sound Waves, etc.
Q 22. Do the mechanical waves pass through a space?
Ans: No, mechanical waves do not pass through space because they require a medium for their propagation.
Q 23. Define longitudinal or compressional waves
Ans: The waves in which the particles of the medium move back and forth along the direction of the propagation of the wave are called longitudinal or compressional waves. Examples: Sound Waves
Q 24. Differentiate between Crest and Trough?
Ans: Crest the highest point on the wave is called the crest Trough: The lowest point on the wave is called the trough.
Q 25. Define transverse waves.
Ans: Transverse waves: the wave in which the particle of medium moves perpendicular or the direction for propagation of the wave. Example: Water waves, Light waves, Waves produced on a string or spring
Q 26. What is a wave equation?
Ans: The relationship between the velocity, frequency, and wavelength of the wave is known as the wave equation. i.e v = λ f
Q 27. How energy can be transferred from one place to another?
Ans: Energy can be transferred from one place to another through waves.
Q 28. Describe types of mechanical waves.
Ans: Longitudinal waves/ compressional waves: in longitudinal waves the particles of the medium move back and forth along the direction of propagation of the wave. Example: Sound waves Transverse Waves: the waves in which the motion of particles of the medium is perpendicular to the motion of the wave Example: waves on the surface of water and light waves are also transverse waves.
Q 29. Why height lines are seen on the screen of the ripple tank?
Ans: The crest of the waves appears as bright lines on the paper because they behave like a convex lens and converge the rays of light falling on them. So, bright lines are seen on the screen of the ripple tank.
Q 30. Why dark lines are seen on the screen of the ripple tank?
Ans: The troughs of the waves appear as dark lines on the paper because they behave like a concave lens and diverge the rays of light falling on them. So, dark lines are seen on the screen of the ripple tank.
Q 31. How can we generate circular waves in a ripple tank?
Ans: We can generate circular waves in a ripple tank by attaching a knob on the lower side of the vibrating bar. Now it is lowered in such a way that knob touches the water surface. When the vibrator is set on, circular waves are produced on the water’s surface.
Q 32. About v = λ f which two quantities depend upon the properties of the medium and why does the third one not?
Ans: In the given relation v and λ depend on the properties of the medium while f does not depend on the properties of the medium because f depends upon the frequency of the vibrator.
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These 10th class physics notes were prepared according to the syllabus of all Punjab boards. Boards other than Punjab do not follow class 10 physics notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal.
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