10th Class Chemistry Chapter 9: Chemical Equilibrium

10th Class Chapter 9 : Chemical Equilibrium Short and Simple Question & Answer

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Q1: Why at equilibrium state reaction does not stop?

Ans: At Equilibrium state the reaction does not stop because the rate of forward reaction is exactly equal to the reverse reaction but in opposite direction.

Q2: Why Equilibrium state is attainable from either way?

Ans: Equilibrium state is attainable from either way because a reversible reaction proceeds in both ways.Equilibrium state is attained when a reaction moves forward as well as reaction moves backward.

Q3: What are the characteristics of a reaction what establishes equilibrium state at once?

Ans: The reactions which attain the equilibrium are called reversible reactions. i. In this reaction dynamic state of equilibrium is established in which, Rate of Forward Reaction = Rate of Reverse Reaction ii. These reactions do not go to stop. These can be proceeded in both directions. iv. For these reactions value of KC is neither too large not too small.

Q4: Which natural process is responsible for existence of life on earth?

Ans: We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide while plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This natural process is responsible for existence of life on earth.

Q5: Differentiate between reactants and products.

Ans: Reactants: In a chemical reaction the substances that combine are called reactants. Products: In a chemical reaction, reactants combine to form new substances which are called products.

Q6: Differentiate between irreversible reaction and reversible reaction.

Ans: Differentiate between irreversible and reversible reaction as follow

Q7: What is static equilibrium state?

Ans: When reaction ceases to proceed. It is called static equilibrium. Example: a building remains standing rather than falling down because all the forces acting on it are balanced.

Q8: What is dynamic equilibrium state?

Ans: When reaction does not stop only the rate of forward and reverse reaction become equal to each other but take place in opposite directions. This is called dynamic equilibrium state.

Q9: What is equilibrium constant?

Ans: Equilibrium constant is a ratio of the product of concentration of products raised to the power of coefficient to the product of concentration of reactants raised to the power of coefficient as expressed in the balance chemical equation.

Q10: Why the reaction mixture does not have 50% reactants and 50% products at equilibrium position?

Ans: At equilibrium state the conc of reactants and products are constants so it is not necessary that the reactants and products are in 50% ratio.

Q11: If a reaction has large value of KC, will it go to completion and why?

Ans: The large value of KC indicated that at equilibrium position the reaction mixture consists of almost all products and reactants are negligible the reaction has almost gone to completion.

Q12: What do you mean by the extent of reaction?

Ans: Extent of reaction means the degree of completion of a chemical reaction. It also tells stability of reactants and products.

Q13: Why the reversible reaction does not go to completion?

Ans: The reversible reaction does not go to completion because, it proceeds in both directions. After the equilibrium attained the product start to convert back into the reactants at this state the composition of reaction mixture remains constant. 1

Q14: What are irreversible reactions? give few characteristics of them.

Ans: The reactions in which products do not recombine to form reactants are called irreversible reactions, i. In the reversible reaction static equilibrium is attained or established ii. These are represented by a single arrow() between reactants and products. iii. Irreversible reactions go to completion and 100% conversion of reactants to products take place.

Q15: Define chemical equilibrium state?

Ans: When the rate of the forward reaction takes place at the rate of reverse reaction, the composition of the reaction mixture remains constant, it is called a chemical equilibrium state.

Q16: What is relationship between active mass and rate of reaction?

Ans: According to Guldberg and Waage’s law the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the product of the active masses of the reacting substances.

Q17: Derive equilibrium constant expression for the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Ans: For the reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia, the balanced chemical equation is:

Q18: How direction of reaction can be predicted?

Ans: Direction of a reaction at a particular moment can be predicted by measuring reaction quotient Q. The reaction Quotient Q_{c} is useful because it predicts the direction of the reaction by comparing the value of Q_{c} with K_{c} If Q_{c} is less then K, the reaction if forward.

Q19: How can you know that a reaction has achieved an equilibrium state?

Ans: If Q_{c} = K_{c} forward and reverse reactions take place at equal rates i.e. equilibrium has been established.

Q20: If reaction quotient QC of a reaction is more than KC, what will be the direction of reaction?

Ans: If QC of a reaction is more than KC the reaction goes from right to left, i.e. in reverse direction to attain equilibrium,

Q21: What are the uses of atmospheric gases in the manufacture of chemicals?

Ans: The two major components of atmospheric are nitrogen and oxygen gases. Both of these gases constitute 99% of the atmosphere.used to prepare ammonia, which is further used to manufacture nitrogenous fertilizers. These gases are being used to manufacture chemicals since the advent of 20″ Century. Nitrogen is Oxygen is used to prepare Sulphur dioxide which is further used to manufacture kind of chemicals sulphuric acid.

Q22: Define the law of Mass action?

Ans: The rate of which a substance reacts is directly proportional to its active mass and the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the product of the active masses of the reacting substances.

Q23: How the active Mass is represented?

Ans: An active mass is considered as the molar mass concentration in unit of mol dm³, expressed as square brackets [].

Q24: How dynamic equilibrium is established?

Ans: In a reversible reaction, dynamic equilibrium is established before the completion of reaction. At initial stage the rate of forward reaction is very fact and reverse reaction is taking place at a negligible rate. But gradually forward reaction slows down and reverse reaction speeds up. Eventually, both reactions attain the same rate and dynamic equilibrium state is established.

Q25: An industry was established based upon a reversible reaction. It failed to achieve products on commercial level. Can you point out the basic reasons of its failure being a chemist?

Ans: In a reversible reaction, the amount of reactants and products remain same when the equilibrium state is achieved. If industry is based on reversible reaction. It cannot achieve desired commercial product and its required amount because expected yield is not achieved and industry fails.

Q26: Write the importance of equilibrium constant.

Ans: These are the importance of equilibrium constant: i. It is used to predict the direction of reaction. ii. It is used to predict the extent of rection, means how much reactions are converted into products.

Q27: Which physical factor effects the value of K

Ans: Temperature highly effect he numeric value of Kr. Temperature change will affect both equilibrium position and equilibrium constant.

Q28: Write the names of two chemicals in which nitrogen is used.

Ans: Two Chemicals in which Nitrogen is used are 1. Urea ii. Nitric Acid

Q29: What is the proportion of oxygen and nitrogen in our atmosphere?

Ans: The proportion of Oxygen and Nitrogen in the atmosphere is as: i. Nitrogen = 78% ii. Oxygen 21%

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